Shloka 41

Droṇa’s Rebuke to Duryodhana after Jayadratha’s Fall (द्रोणेन दुर्योधनं प्रति प्रत्युक्तिः)

Devanagari script

तमायान्तमभिप्रेक्ष्य तव पुत्र महामृथे

Transliteration

tam āyāntam abhiprekṣya tava putra mahāmṛdhe

Translation

तमायान्तमभिप्रेक्ष्य तव पुत्रं महामृधे ।

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आयान्तम्: coming, approaching
• आयान्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-या (धातु: या)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Parasmaipada (active participle)

• अभिप्रेक्ष्य: having looked at, seeing
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-प्र-ईक्ष् (धातु: ईक्ष्)
• Form: ल्यप् (क्त्वान्त/अव्ययीभाव-रूप), Gerund (having done)

• तव: your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महामृथे: in the great battle
• महामृथे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महामृध (महामृध्)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'your')
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (Duryodhana implied)
• battlefield (mahāmṛdha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how perception on the battlefield—especially the sight of a key leader—can alter morale and decisions. It implicitly points to the ethical burden of leadership: a ruler’s family and status magnify the consequences of choices made in war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that his son is seen approaching amid a fierce battle. This sets up the next action or reaction of the surrounding warriors as the situation shifts with the arrival of an important figure.