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Shloka 16

Gopī-gīta: The Song of the Gopīs in Separation

Viraha-bhakti

पतिसुतान्वयभ्रातृबान्धवा- नतिविलङ्‌घ्य तेऽन्त्यच्युतागता: । गतिविदस्तवोद्गीतमोहिता: कितव योषित: कस्त्यजेन्निशि ॥ १६ ॥

pati-sutānvaya-bhrātṛ-bāndhavān ativilaṅghya te ’nty acyutāgatāḥ gati-vidas tavodgīta-mohitāḥ kitava yoṣitaḥ kas tyajen niśi

पतिसुतान्वयभ्रातृबान्धवानतिविलङ्घ्य तेऽन्त्यच्युतागताḥ। गतिविदस्तव वेणुगीतमोहिताः—कितव! योषितः कस्त्यजेन्निशि॥

pati-suta-anvaya-bhrātṛ-bāndhavānhusbands, sons, family, brothers, relatives
pati-suta-anvaya-bhrātṛ-bāndhavān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpati (प्रातिपदिक) + suta (प्रातिपदिक) + anvaya (प्रातिपदिक) + bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + bāndhava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्व/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (husbands, sons, family, brothers, relatives)
ativilaṅghyahaving transgressed
ativilaṅghya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootati + vi-laṅgh (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund/absolutive): ‘having overstepped’
teto you
te:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formचतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन
antinear
anti:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देश-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb): ‘near’
acyuta-āgatāḥ(O Acyuta,) have come
acyuta-āgatāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootacyuta (प्रातिपदिक) + ā-gam (धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भूतकालिक कृदन्त ‘आगत’ = come; सम्बोधनार्थ ‘अच्युत’ (O Acyuta) + ‘आगताः’ (we have come)
gati-vidaḥknowers of (your) ways
gati-vidaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgati (प्रातिपदिक) + vid (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ‘gater vidaḥ’ = knowers of (your) ways
tavayour
tava:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
udgīta-mohitāḥenchanted by your singing
udgīta-mohitāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootud-gīta (कृदन्त; ud+gai धातु) + mohita (कृदन्त; muh धातु)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; तृतीया/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषार्थ: ‘(your) sung song’ हेतुना ‘mohitāḥ’ = deluded/charmed
kitavaO cheater/gambler
kitava:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootkitava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
yoṣitaḥwomen
yoṣitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyoṣit (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
kaḥwho
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
tyajetwould abandon
tyajet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Roottyaj (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative/सम्भावना), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
niśiat night
niśi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootniśā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
K
Krishna (Acyuta)
G
Gopis of Vrindavana

FAQs

This verse shows the gopīs declaring that Kṛṣṇa’s divine call overrides even the strongest worldly ties—husband, children, and relatives—revealing the Bhagavata ideal of single-pointed love for Bhagavān.

In intimate devotion, the gopīs speak with loving reproach: His enchanting song draws them irresistibly, and His seeming absence feels like playful “deception,” intensifying their longing (viraha-bhakti).

It points to inner priority: keep duties outwardly, but let the heart be captivated by remembrance of Kṛṣṇa—through nāma-japa, kīrtana, and hearing—so devotion becomes the guiding center of life.