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Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 43

नारण्यसंश्रयाद्योगो न नानाग्रंथ चिंतनात् । न दानैर्न व्रतैर्वापि न तपोभिर्न वा मखैः

nāraṇyasaṃśrayādyogo na nānāgraṃtha ciṃtanāt | na dānairna vratairvāpi na tapobhirna vā makhaiḥ

Йога не достигается одним лишь уединением в лесу и не размышлением над множеством книг. Не обретается она и дарами, обетами, аскезами или жертвоприношениями (яджнями).

not
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
अरण्यसंश्रयात्from resorting to the forest
अरण्यसंश्रयात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootअरण्य + संश्रय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; समासः—अरण्यस्य संश्रयः (taking refuge in the forest)
योगःyoga
योगः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
not
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
नानाvarious
नाना:
Qualifier (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनाना (अव्यय/विशेषणार्थ)
Formअव्यय-प्रयोगे विशेषणम्; ‘various’
ग्रन्थचिन्तनात्from contemplation of texts
ग्रन्थचिन्तनात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootग्रन्थ + चिन्तन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; समासः—ग्रन्थानां चिन्तनम् (reflection on texts)
not
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
दानैःby gifts / charities
दानैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootदान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
nor
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
व्रतैःby vows
व्रतैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
वाor
वा:
Disjunction (विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle)
अपिeven / also
अपि:
Emphasis/Addition (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-अव्यय (also/even)
not
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
तपोभिःby austerities
तपोभिः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
nor
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
वाor
वा:
Disjunction (विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय
मखैःby sacrifices
मखैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

Skanda (deduced: Kāśīkhaṇḍa commonly Skanda → Agastya)

Tirtha: Avimukta-Kāśī

Type: kshetra

Listener: Pilgrims/seekers (contextual)

Scene: Contrasting vignettes: a hermit in a forest, a scholar surrounded by many books, a donor at a ritual, an ascetic in austerity, and a sacrificer at a fire—each shown as incomplete; central figure turns inward in meditation, indicating the true attainment of yoga.

Y
Yoga
D
Dāna
V
Vrata
T
Tapas
M
Makha (Yajña)

FAQs

External renunciation, scholarship, and ritual merit are insufficient by themselves; yoga requires inner transformation.

Within the Kāśīkhaṇḍa frame, the teaching supports Kāśī’s reputation as a place where inner realization is paramount.

It explicitly states that dāna, vrata, tapas, and yajña alone do not confer yoga-siddhi.