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Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 16

Devanagari script

ऊर्ध्वदोषो रविदृशस्त्वेकांघ्रि स्थाणु निश्चलाः । ये वै दिवा निरुच्छ्वासा मासोच्छ्वासाश्च ये पुनः

Transliteration

ūrdhvadoṣo ravidṛśastvekāṃghri sthāṇu niścalāḥ | ye vai divā nirucchvāsā māsocchvāsāśca ye punaḥ

Translation

Одни направляют свои нечистоты вверх, взирают на Солнце и стоят неподвижно, как столп, на одной ноге; другие удерживают дыхание весь день, а иные вдыхают лишь раз в месяц.

Word by Word
ऊर्ध्व-दोषाःthose with upward (restrained) exhalation/impurities
ऊर्ध्व-दोषाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक) + दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (ऊर्ध्वं दोषः/ऊर्ध्वदोषः; ‘upward-flowing impurities/breath’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural
रवि-दृशःsun-gazers
रवि-दृशः:
Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक) + दृश् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (रविवत् दृशः/रविं पश्यन्ति इति), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural; describing ascetics (gazing at sun)
तुand/indeed
तु:
Sambandha/Emphasis (Nipāta)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrast/emphasis particle)
एक-अङ्घ्रिone-footed (standing on one leg)
एक-अङ्घ्रि:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + अङ्घ्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्विगु/तत्पुरुष-समास (एकः अङ्घ्रिः यस्य), अव्ययभावेन विशेषणरूपेण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (समासपद as qualifier)
स्थाणुlike a pillar (motionless)
स्थाणु:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्थाणु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (विशेषणवत्) — ‘like a pillar/tree-stump’
निश्चलाःmotionless
निश्चलाः:
Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिश्चल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural; qualifying subject
येwho
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Relative pronoun
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha/Emphasis (Nipāta)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle/emphasis)
दिवाby day
दिवा:
Kāla (Time/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिवा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (adverb of time)
निर्-उच्छ्वासाःwithout exhalation
निर्-उच्छ्वासाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनिर् (उपसर्ग) + उच्छ्वास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (निरस्तः उच्छ्वासः येषाम्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural; those without exhalation/breathing
मास-उच्छ्वासाःthose whose breath (interval) is a month
मास-उच्छ्वासाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक) + उच्छ्वास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (मासे उच्छ्वासः/मासपर्यन्त उच्छ्वासः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural; those who breathe once a month
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
येwho
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Relative pronoun (repeated)
पुनःagain / moreover
पुनः:
Sambandha/Discourse (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: repetition/emphasis)
Speaker

Skanda

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Tapoloka (contextual)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A motionless ascetic like a pillar, balancing on one foot, eyes lifted toward the sun; another seated in deep prāṇāyāma with minimal breath; the environment is bright, rarefied, and silent.

Characters & Entities
S
Sun (Ravi)
T
Tapoloka

FAQs

The Purāṇic ideal of tapas includes yogic self-mastery—stillness, focus, and breath-discipline directed toward transcendence.

Kāśīkhaṇḍa provides the sacred frame, but this verse primarily glorifies ascetic yogic practices associated with Tapoloka.

Austerities such as standing on one foot, sun-gazing, and extreme breath restraint.

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