Rig Veda 5.43.4 — Mandala 5, Sukta 43, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.43

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya) (traditional; verify)

Devata: Soma (process imagery within a broader hymn sequence)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī (to be confirmed)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

दश क्षिपो युञ्जते बाहू अद्रिं सोमस्य या शमितारा सुहस्ता । मध्वो रसं सुगभस्तिर्गिरिष्ठां चनिश्चदद्दुदुहे शुक्रमंशुः ॥

Transliteration

dáśa kṣípo yuñjate bāhū́ ádrim sómasya yā́ śamitā́rā suhástā | mádhvo rásaṃ sugábhastir giriṣṭhā́ṃ cániścadad duduhe śukrám aṃśúḥ ||

Translation

Десять стремительных (дев) впрягают свои руки в камень-давильник Сомы — искусные, благорукие устроительницы. Из медового сока луч, крепко хватающий, выдаивает светлый поток из горной, удерживаемой (высотой) основы; он течёт и укладывается в своё русло.

Word by Word

• दश: ten
• दश: विशेषण (संख्या-विशेषण) of क्षिपः
• Type: Noun (Numeral)
• Root: दशन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

• क्षिपः: hands/arms
• क्षिपः: Kartā (with युञ्जते)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षिप् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘hand/arm’ in Vedic usage)

• युञ्जते: they yoke / they set to work
• युञ्जते: Kriyā (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज्

• बाहू: the two arms
• बाहू: Karma (object of युञ्जते)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अद्रिम्: the stone (press-stone)
• अद्रिम्: Karma (object understood with ‘grasp/press’; linked with सोम-pressing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अद्रि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सोमस्य: of Soma
• सोमस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive: of Soma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• याः: who/which (fem. pl.)
• याः: Kartā (relative pronoun referring to क्षिपः/हस्ताः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शमितारः: the preparers / arrangers
• शमितारः: Kartā-apposition (to याः / क्षिपः)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: शमितृ (प्रातिपदिक; agent noun from √शम्/√शम् ‘to quiet/prepare’; Vedic: ‘preparers, arrangers’)

• सुहस्ताः: having good hands, deft-handed
• सुहस्ताः: विशेषण (of शमितारः / the hands/agents)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-हस्त (प्रातिपदिक; su + hasta)

• मध्वः: of sweetness / of honey
• मध्वः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: of honey/sweetness)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• रसम्: juice, sap
• रसम्: Karma (object of दुहे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रस (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुगभस्तिः: with good grasp/hand, strong-handed
• सुगभस्तिः: Kartā (subject of दुहे; epithet of अंशुः)
• Type: Adjective (substantival)
• Root: सु-गभस्ति (प्रातिपदिक; su + gabhasti ‘hand/forearm, grasp’)

• गिरिष्ठाम्: mountain-standing, mountain-dwelling
• गिरिष्ठाम्: Karma (object/goal with चनिश्चदत्: ‘reached the mountain-dwelling [one/thing]’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गिरि-स्था (प्रातिपदिक; ‘standing on the mountain’)

• चनिश्चदत्: he reached / he came to
• चनिश्चदत्: Kriyā (with subject सुगभस्तिः/अंशुः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चनि-√सद् (Vedic compound verb; ‘to settle upon, reach, come to’)

• दुदुहे: he milked out / drew forth
• दुदुहे: Kriyā (main: ‘milked out’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दुह्

• शुक्रम्: bright, pure
• शुक्रम्: Karma (qualifier/object with implied ‘juice’: bright/pure)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुक्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अंशुः: the Soma-stalk / the ray (Soma)
• अंशुः: Kartā (subject of चनिश्चदत्, दुदुहे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंशु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ray; Soma-stalk/pressed Soma’)