Rig Veda 3.31.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 31, Mantra 4
Sukta 3.31
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (Kauśika) (traditional circle attribution)
Devata: Indra (with Uṣas as attending powers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अभि जैत्रीरसचन्त स्पृधानं महि ज्योतिस्तमसो निरजानन् । तं जानतीः प्रत्युदायन्नुषासः पतिर्गवामभवदेक इन्द्रः ॥
Transliteration
abhí jaitrī́r asacanta spṛdhānáṃ máhi jyótiḥ támaso nír ajānan | táṃ jānatī́ḥ práty udā́yann uṣā́sāḥ pátir gávām abhavad éka índraḥ ||
Translation
Победоносные силы навалились на соперника в споре; они извлекли великий Свет из тьмы. Узнав его, Ушасы — Зори — поднялись навстречу ему; один лишь Индра стал Владыкой лучей.
Word by Word
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग)
जैत्रीःthe victorious (fem.), the conquering ones
जैत्रीः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / Noun
Rootजैत्री- (प्रातिपदिक; √जि ‘to conquer’ से) अथवा जैत्र- ‘victorious’
असचन्तthey joined/attached (themselves)
असचन्त:
—
TypeVerb
Root√सच् (सचँ/सच्) ‘to accompany, join, attach’
स्पृधानम्the rival/contender (one)
स्पृधानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective / Noun
Rootस्पृधान- (प्रातिपदिक; √स्पृध् ‘to contend, rival’)
महिgreatly, mightily
महि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमहि (अव्यय; महत्- से)
ज्योतिःlight, radiance
ज्योतिः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
तमसःfrom darkness
तमसः:
Apādāna
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
निरजानन्they brought forth/produced (out)
निरजानन्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√जन् (जनँ) ‘to be born; to produce’ + नि: (उपसर्ग) → ‘to bring forth, generate out’
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
जानतीःknowing (fem. pl.), the knowing ones
जानतीः:
Kartā
TypeParticiple (adjectival) / Noun
Root√ज्ञा (ज्ञा) ‘to know’ → जानत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
प्रतिtowards, in response
प्रति:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
उदायन्rising, coming forth
उदायन्:
—
TypeVerb (participle) / Kṛdanta
Root√या (या) ‘to go’ + उद् (उपसर्ग) → उद्-आ-या ‘to go up/come forth’
उषासःthe Dawns
उषासः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootउषस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
पतिःlord, master
पतिः:
Kartā (of ‘अभवत्’) / विधेय
TypeNoun
Rootपति- (प्रातिपदिक)
गवाम्of the cows
गवाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) / षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootगो- (प्रातिपदिक)
अभवत्became, was
अभवत्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भू) ‘to be, become’
एकःalone, single
एकः:
विशेषण (इन्द्रस्य) / Kartā-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootएक- (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā (of ‘अभवत्’)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र- (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
Not sure where to start?
A free Google sign-in keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.