Rig Veda 10.78.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 78, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.78

Devata: Maruts (hymn-level)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī uncertain without full scan

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

रथानां न येऽराः सनाभयो जिगीवांसो न शूरा अभिद्यवः । वरेयवो न मर्या घृतप्रुषोऽभिस्वर्तारो अर्कं न सुष्टुभः ॥

Transliteration

rathā́nāṃ na yé’rā́ḥ sa-nā́bhayo jigīvā́ṃso na śū́rā abhi-dyávaḥ | vareyávo na maryā́ ghṛtá-pruṣo’bhi-svartā́ro arkaṃ́ na su-stúbhaḥ ||

Translation

Как спицы колесниц с крепкими ступицами, как победоносные герои, они устремляются вперёд; как избранные юноши, они источают гхриту — очищенный свет, взмывая вверх; и, как гимн, хорошо сложенный, они — могучее изречение.

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Word by Word

• रथानाम्: of chariots
• रथानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ

• न: like/as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्

• अराः: spokes
• अराः: Kartā (in simile) / Predicate-nominative
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर

• सनाभयः: having the same nave; with common hub
• सनाभयः: Viśeṣaṇa (of अराः / of the compared subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सनाभ

• जिगीवांसः: having conquered; victorious
• जिगीवांसः: Kartā / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Participle (Perfect active) used adjectivally
• Root: जि (√जि ‘to conquer’)

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• शूराः: heroes
• शूराः: Kartā (in simile) / Predicate-nominative
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: शूर

• अभिद्यवः: assailing/attacking; pressing forward (in contest)
• अभिद्यवः: Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि-द्यु (√द्यु/√दिव् ‘to shine; to play/contend’), prātipadika अभिद्यव

• वरेयवः: choosers; seekers of the better
• वरेयवः: Kartā / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective/Noun (agentive)
• Root: वरेयु (from √वृ ‘to choose, prefer’; prātipadika वरेयु)

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• मर्याः: young men; warriors
• मर्याः: Kartā (in simile)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्य

• घृतप्रुषः: butter-sprinkling; dripping with ghee
• घृतप्रुषः: Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घृत + प्रुष (prātipadika घृतप्रुष)

• अभिस्वर्तारः: those who sound/chant aloud; resounding singers
• अभिस्वर्तारः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agentive)
• Root: अभि-स्वर्/स्वृत् (prātipadika अभिस्वर्तृ)

• अर्कम्: a hymn; song of praise
• अर्कम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्क

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• सुष्टुभः: well-praising; good praisers
• सुष्टुभः: Kartā / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: सु-ष्टुभ् (from √ष्टुभ् ‘to praise’; prātipadika सुष्टुभ्)