Rig Veda 1.116.12 — Mandala 1, Sukta 116, Mantra 12

Sukta 1.116

Rishi: Kakṣīvant Dairghatamasa

Devata: Aśvinau (Nāsatyā)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तद्वां नरा सनये दंस उग्रमाविष्कृणोमि तन्यतुर्न वृष्टिम् । दध्यङ्ह यन्मध्वाथर्वणो वामश्वस्य शीर्ष्णा प्र यदीमुवाच ॥

Transliteration

tád vāṃ narā sanáye dáṃsa ugrám āvíṣ kṛṇomi tanyatúr na vṛṣṭím | dadhyáṅ ha yán mádhvātharváṇo vā́m áśvasya śīrṣṇā́ prá yád īm uvā́ca ||

Translation

Это ваше, о мужи, грозное деяние силы я делаю явным ради обретения — как гром являет дождь. Когда Дадхьянч, Атхарван, из головы коня возвестил вам медовую истину, тогда ваше сокровенное знание стало победоносным откровением.

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (object of ‘आविष्कृणोमि’) / (also possible as demonstrative ‘that’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वाम्: for you two / you two
• वाम्: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (for you two; addressed to the Aśvins) / or object ‘you two’ contextually
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• नरा: O two men (Aśvins)
• नरा: (Address) Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)

• सनये: for winning, for gaining
• सनये: Sampradāna (for winning/for attainment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सनि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘gain, winning’)

• दंसः: a wondrous deed, marvel
• दंसः: Kartā (subject of ‘आविष्कृणोमि’: ‘the marvel… I make manifest’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दंस (प्रातिपदिक; ‘marvel, wondrous deed/skill’)

• उग्रम्: mighty, fierce
• उग्रम्: Karma (as qualifier of the object ‘that (marvel)’) / predicative qualifier
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• आविष्कृणोमि: I make manifest, I reveal
• आविष्कृणोमि: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (करोति) with preverb ‘आविस्/आविः’ (to make manifest)

• तन्यतुः: thunder
• तन्यतुः: Upamāna/Kartā (in simile with ‘वृष्टिम्’: like thunder [brings] rain)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तन्यतु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘thunder’)

• न: like, as
• न: (links simile)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• वृष्टिम्: rain
• वृष्टिम्: Karma (object in the simile: rain)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)

• दध्यङ्: Dadhyañc (the seer)
• दध्यङ्: Kartā (subject of ‘उवाच’)
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: दध्यङ् (ऋषि-नाम; प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: what, that which
• यत्: Karma (object of ‘उवाच’: what he said)
• Type: Relative Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मध्वा: with honey; with the sweet (mystic) [drink/knowledge]
• मध्वा: Karaṇa (by/with honey; i.e., with sweet/secret doctrine)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अथर्वणः: of Atharvan
• अथर्वणः: Sambandha (of Atharvan)
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: अथर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक; Atharvan)

• वाम्: to you two
• वाम्: Sampradāna (to/for you two) / recipient in speech context
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• अश्वस्य: of a horse
• अश्वस्य: Sambandha (of the horse)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• शीर्ष्णा: with (its) head
• शीर्ष्णा: Karaṇa (by/with the head)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शीर्षन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, openly
• प्र: (modifies ‘उवाच’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यदा: when
• यदा: Adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय; temporal)

• ईम्: him/it (enclitic)
• ईम्: Karma (enclitic object with ‘उवाच’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईम् (अव्यय; enclitic pronominal particle)

• उवाच: he spoke, he told
• उवाच: Kriyā (verb of speaking)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (to speak)