Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 12

कुम्भकर्णोपदेशः

Kumbhakarna’s Counsel and War-Boast to Ravana

Devanagari script

उपप्रदानंसान्त्वं च भेदंकाले च विक्रमम् ।योगं च रक्षसांश्रेष्ठतावुभौ च नयानयौ ।।6.63.11।।कालेधर्मार्थकामान्यस्सम्मन्त्ऱ्यसचिवैःसह ।निषेवेतात्मवान्लोके न स व्यसनमाप्नुयात् ।।6.63.12।।

Transliteration

kāle dharmārthakāmān yaḥ sammantrya sacivaiḥ saha |

niṣevet ātmavān loke na sa vyasanam āpnuyāt || 6.63.12 ||

Translation

Кто, владея собой, советуется с министрами и в надлежащее время следует дхарме, артхе и каме, тот в этом мире не впадает в бедствие.

Word by Word

• हितानुबन्धम्: beneficial consequence / beneficial outcome
• हितानुबन्धम्: कर्म (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हित + अनुबन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; object of आलोक्य

• आलोक्य: having considered
• आलोक्य: पूर्वकालक्रिया (ल्यप्-प्रयोगः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + लोक् (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप् (gerund) = 'having considered/observed'

• कार्यात्: from a task / after a task
• कार्यात्: अपादान (अपादानम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5), एकवचन; ablative = 'from/after (one) task'

• कार्यम्: the (next) task
• कार्यम्: कर्म (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; object (elliptic with does/undertakes)

• इह: here
• इह: क्रियाविशेषण (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb)

• आत्मनः: of himself
• आत्मनः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6), एकवचन; 'of oneself'

• राजा: the king
• राजा: कर्ता (कर्तृ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• सह: with
• सह: सहकारक (सह)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (postposition) = 'with'

• अर्थतत्त्वज्ञैः: with knowers of true policy/realities
• अर्थतत्त्वज्ञैः: सहकारक/सह (सह)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्थ + तत्त्व + ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), बहुवचन; 'with those who know the reality of affairs'

• सचिवैः: with ministers
• सचिवैः: सहकारक/सह (सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सचिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), बहुवचन

• सहि: indeed / along with
• सहि: निपात (निपातः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात/अव्यय; emphatic 'indeed/withal' (often = सह एव)

• जीवति: lives / thrives
• जीवति: क्रिया (क्रियापद)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जीव् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

Context

"You are the foremost of the Rakshasas! After discussing with ministers, a king either by gifting or conciliation or dissension or resorting to all of them at the appropriate time takes resort to pursue virtue, wealth, or sensual pleasures at the right time, never meets with sorrow."

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāvaṇa
• saciva (ministers)
• dharma
• artha
• kāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is upheld through disciplined timing and counsel: balancing life’s aims (dharma-artha-kāma) through consultation and self-control prevents downfall.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa urges a model of prudent rulership—deliberation with ministers and timely pursuit of life-goals.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Ātma-saṁyama (self-mastery) coupled with deliberative governance.