Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 91

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

ततस्तेत्वरितास्तत्रराक्षसारावणाज्ञया ।मद्यकुम्भांश्चविविधान् क्षिप्रमेवोपहारयन् ।।।।

Transliteration

tatas te tvaritās tatra rākṣasā rāvaṇājñayā |

madyakumbhāṃś ca vividhān kṣipram evopahārayan ||

Translation

Затем, по повелению Раваны, находившиеся там ракшасы поспешили и тотчас принесли множество кувшинов с вином разных сортов.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) / temporal
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालाव्यय (temporal adverb): 'then'

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• tvaritāḥ: hastened
• tvaritāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tvarita (√tvar धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'hastened'

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशाव्यय (locative adverb): 'there'

• rākṣasāḥ: rākṣasas
• rākṣasāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• rāvaṇa-ājñayā: by Rāvaṇa's order
• rāvaṇa-ājñayā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa + ājñā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (instrumental), एकवचन; समास: तत्पुरुष 'रावणस्य आज्ञया'

• madya-kumbhān: pots of wine
• madya-kumbhān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madya + kumbha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; समास: तत्पुरुष 'मद्यस्य कुम्भाः'

• ca: and
• ca: Connector (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• vividhān: various
• vividhān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vividha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; qualifies madya-kumbhān

• kṣipram: quickly
• kṣipram: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kṣipram (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): 'quickly'

• eva: indeed
• eva: Emphasis (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• upahārayan: brought, presented
• upahārayan: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√hṛ (धातु)
• Form: लङ्/लट्-प्राय (imperfective narrative), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; present participle-like finite usage: 'they brought/presented'

Context

By the order of Ravana hurriedly they got several kinds of wine in pots.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rākṣasas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Authority is shown functioning efficiently, yet in service of an adharmic war; the epic often contrasts effective command with righteous purpose.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa orders attendants to supply Kumbhakarṇa with wine; they rush to comply.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Obedience and speed in service are emphasized, though morally neutral and dependent on the cause served.