Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 53, Shloka 11

युद्धकाण्डे त्रिपञ्चाशः सर्गः — धूम्राक्षवधश्रवणं, वज्रदंष्ट्रप्रेषणं, अङ्गद-राक्षसयुद्धम्

Ravana Dispatches Vajradamshtra; Portents and Angada’s Assault

Devanagari script

तेयुद्धकुशलैरूढास्तोमराङ्कुशपाणिभिः ।अन्येलक्षणसंयुक्ताश्शूरारूढामहाबलाः ।।।।

Transliteration

te yuddhakuśalair ūḍhās tomarāṅkuśapāṇibhiḥ |

anye lakṣaṇasaṃyuktāḥ śūrārūḍhā mahābalāḥ ||

Translation

Одни выступали верхом с воинами, искусными в битве, с копьями и погонялками в руках; другие же, отмеченные благими знаками, выезжали как могучие герои.

Word by Word

• tat: that
• tat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; संदर्भसूचक सर्वनाम

• rākṣasabalam: the rākṣasa army
• rākṣasabalam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa-bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: rākṣasāṇāṃ balaṃ = 'army of rākṣasas'

• sarvam: entire
• sarvam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

• viprasthitam: having set out
• viprasthitam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-pra√sthā (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (kta), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'set forth/fully departed'

• aśobhata: shone/appeared splendid
• aśobhata: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śubh (धातु)
• Form: लङ् लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम् (Ātmanepada)

• prāvṛṭkāle: in the rainy season
• prāvṛṭkāle: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāvṛṭ-kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: prāvṛṭyāḥ kālaḥ = 'rainy-season time'

• yathā: just as
• yathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा/प्रकार-अव्यय (as/just as)

• meghāḥ: clouds
• meghāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: megha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• nardamānāḥ: roaring
• nardamānāḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √nard (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शानच्/Ātmanepada present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण

• savidyutaḥ: with lightning
• savidyutaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa-vidyut (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय: sa + vidyut = 'with lightning'

• niḥsṛtāt: from (the place) exited
• niḥsṛtāt: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niḥ√sṛ (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (kta), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी विभक्ति (Ablative/अपादान), एकवचन; 'from having come out'

• dakṣiṇadvārāt: from the southern gate
• dakṣiṇadvārāt: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dakṣiṇa-dvāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: 'southern gate'

• aṅgadaḥ: Aṅgada
• aṅgadaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṅgada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देश-अव्यय (relative adverb: where)

• yūthapaḥ: troop-leader
• yūthapaḥ: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yūthapa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; apposition to aṅgadaḥ

Context

Carrying tridents, clubs, and goads eager for war the Rakshasas mounted on mahouts and horses of noble characteristics, warriors with extraordinary might departed.

Characters & Entities

• Rākṣasas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Skill and auspicious signs are portrayed as assets, but Dharma implies that capability should be guided by right purpose, not aggression.

What is the narrative situation?

The Rākṣasa forces are depicted as armed, mounted, and organized as they move out to fight.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Discipline and preparedness are emphasized as martial qualities—though ethically neutral unless aligned with righteous ends.