Valmiki Ramayana 2.93.10: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 93, Shloka 10

चित्रकूटमार्गवर्णनम्

Bharata’s Army Reaches Chitrakuta and Searches for Rama

Devanagari script

मुञ्चन्ति कुसुमान्येते नगाः पर्वतसानुषु।नीला इवातपापाये तोयं तोयधरा घनाः।।2.93.10।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.93.10

Transliteration

muñcanti kusumāny ete nagāḥ parvatasānuṣu | nīlā ivātapāpāye toyaṃ toyadharā ghanāḥ ||2.93.10||

Translation

На горных склонах эти деревья осыпают цветы, словно густые синие тучи на исходе лета проливают воду дождём.

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Word by Word

• मुञ्चन्ति: they release, shed
• मुञ्चन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• कुसुमानि: flowers
• कुसुमानि: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुसुम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• एते: these
• एते: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण नगाः

• नगाः: trees
• नगाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• पर्वतसानुषु: on the mountain ridges
• पर्वतसानुषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत + सानु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः: पर्वत-सानु (तत्पुरुष; ‘mountain-ridges’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• नीलाः: blue/dark
• नीलाः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नील (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण घनाः/तोयधराः

• इव: like, as
• इव: Upamana-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानवाचक-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• आतपापाये: at the end of heat (end of summer)
• आतपापाये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time-location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आतप + अपाय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः: आतप-अपाय (तत्पुरुष; ‘cessation of heat’); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन (Singular)

• तोयम्: water (rain)
• तोयम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• तोयधराः: rain-clouds (water-bearers)
• तोयधराः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोय + धर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः: तोय-धर (तत्पुरुष; ‘water-bearers’); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• घनाः: dense masses (clouds)
• घनाः: Apposition/Visheshana (समनाधिकरण/विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: घन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); तोयधराः इत्यस्य विशेषण/समनाधिकरण

Context

The trees on the mountain ridges are shedding flowers, like dense blue rain-clouds showering water at the end of summer.

Characters & Entities

• mountain slopes (parvata-sānu)
• trees (nagāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is suggested through harmony with nature: the epic frames the journey in a world where natural beauty accompanies righteous purpose, encouraging sensitivity rather than domination.

What is the narrative situation?

During the march, the narrator describes mountain trees shedding blossoms in a vivid cloud-and-rain simile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Attentiveness and aesthetic reverence—seeing the world carefully, not merely using it as a backdrop for ambition.