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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 89, Shloka 1

गङ्गातरणम्

Bharata’s Ferrying of the Army across the Ganga

उष्य रात्रिं तु तत्रैव गङ्गाकूले स राघवः।भरतः काल्यमुत्थाय शत्रुघ्नमिदमब्रवीत्।।।।

uṣya rātriṃ tu tatraiva gaṅgākūle sa rāghavaḥ |

bharataḥ kālyam utthāya śatrughnam idam abravīt ||

Проведя ночь там же, на берегу Ганги — в самом месте, где останавливался Рагхава, — Бхарата поднялся на рассвете и сказал так Шатругхне.

uṣyahaving stayed
uṣya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vas (धातु)
FormKtvā-anta (absolutive/क्त्वा), irregular form uṣya (< uṣitvā): 'having stayed'
rātrimthe night
rātrim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrātri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana
tubut / indeed
tu:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/भाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (nipāta): contrast/emphasis
tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormAdverb of place (deśa-avyaya)
evaonly / indeed
eva:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/भाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (avadhāraṇa-nipāta/अवधारण)
gaṅgākūleon the bank of the Ganga
gaṅgākūle:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootgaṅgā + kūla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa: gaṅgāyāḥ kūlam; Napuṃsaka, Saptamī (Loc/7th), Ekavacana
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom/1st), Ekavacana
rāghavaḥBharata (Raghava)
rāghavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāghava (प्रातिपदik)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom/1st), Ekavacana
bharataḥBharata
bharataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbharata (प्रातिपदik)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom/1st), Ekavacana; apposition to 'rāghavaḥ'
kālyamat daybreak
kālyam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkālya (प्रातिपदik)
FormAccusative used adverbially (kāla-avyaya-prayoga): 'at dawn'
utthāyahaving risen
utthāya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootud-√sthā (धातु)
FormKtvā-anta (absolutive/क्त्वा): 'having risen'
śatrughnamto Shatrughna
śatrughnam:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootśatrughna (प्रातिपदik)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana
idamthis (speech)
idam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदik)
FormSarvanāma; Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana; object of 'abravīt' (understood 'vākyaṃ')
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (धातु)
FormLuṅ-lakāra (Aorist/लुङ्), Parasmaipada; Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana

Rama, scorcher of enemies, one who was accostomed to dwell in the attic of sevenstoreyed mansions with floors paved with gold, and silver, spread with excellent carpets, decked with bouquets of flowers and perfumed with sandal and agaru. The peaks of those palaces were bright like towering white clouds and echoed with cries of parrots. They were cool and fragrant with perfumes. The marvellous palaces made of golden walls are comparable to mount Meru. He used to wake up to the sounds of songs and musical instruments, the tinkling of finest ornaments and the splendid sounds of the drums. Many bards, genealogists and panegyrists singing befitting ballads and extolling his virtues at appropriate time used to salute him in reverence (Bharata lamented).

B
Bharata
R
Rama (Rāghava)
Ś
Śatrughna
G
Ganga River

FAQs

Dharma is conveyed through purposeful action and urgency: Bharata does not linger in grief but rises at dawn to proceed—showing that righteous intention must translate into disciplined effort.

After halting for the night on the Ganga’s bank, Bharata awakens early and begins directing Satrughna as the journey continues toward meeting Rama.

Bharata’s diligence and resolve—his commitment to set things right is shown through prompt, orderly action.