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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 22

दशरथस्य शोकानुचिन्तनं शब्धवेधि-दोषस्मरणं च

Daśaratha’s grief, karmic reflection, and the remembered ‘śabdavedhī’ misdeed

निपाने महिषं रात्रौ गजं वाऽभ्यागतं नदीम्।अन्यं वा श्वापदं कञ्चिज्जिघांसु रजितेन्द्रियः।तस्मिं स्तत्राहमेकान्ते रात्रौ विवृतकार्मुकः।।2.63.22।।

nipāne mahiṣaṃ rātrau gajaṃ vā ’bhyāgataṃ nadīm | anyaṃ vā śvāpadaṃ kañcij jighāṃsur ajitendriyaḥ | tasmiṃs tatrāham ekānte rātrau vivṛta-kārmukaḥ || 2.63.22 ||

У водопоя у реки ночью, не владея чувствами и жаждая убить, я один затаился с натянутым луком — думая поразить буйвола, или слона, или какого-нибудь иного зверя, что придёт напиться.

nipāneat the watering-place
nipāne:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootnipāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
mahiṣambuffalo
mahiṣam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahiṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
rātrauat night
rātrau:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootrātri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
gajamelephant
gajam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootgaja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormDisjunctive particle (विकल्प-अव्यय)
abhyāgatamhaving come/arrived
abhyāgatam:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषणम्)
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-ā-gam (धातु)
FormPast active participle (क्तवत्-प्राय/क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying implied śvāpadaṃ/mṛgam etc.; ‘having come/arrived’
nadīmto the river
nadīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
anyamanother
anyam:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying śvāpadaṃ
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormDisjunctive particle (विकल्प-अव्यय)
śvāpadamwild beast
śvāpadam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśvāpada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
kañcitsome/any
kañcit:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine/Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
jighāṃsuḥdesiring to kill
jighāṃsuḥ:
Kartā-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषणम्)
TypeVerb
Roothan (धातु)
FormDesiderative participle (सन्नन्त-इच्छार्थक, उ-प्रत्ययान्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
rajitendriyaḥwith agitated senses
rajitendriyaḥ:
Kartā-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootrajita (प्रातिपदिक) + indriya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormBahuvrīhi: रजितानि इन्द्रियाणि यस्य (i.e., senses excited/uncontrolled); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
tasminthere/in that place
tasmin:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
tatrathere
tatra:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormAdverb of place (देशवाचक-अव्यय)
ahamI
aham:
Kartā (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
ekāntein a solitary spot
ekānte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootekānta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
rātrauat night
rātrau:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootrātri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
vivṛta-kārmukaḥwith bow readied/strung
vivṛta-kārmukaḥ:
Kartā-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootvivṛta (वि-वृ-धातु, क्त) + kārmuka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa/Karmadhāraya: विवृतं (सज्जीकृतं/उद्यमितं) कार्मुकं यस्य; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

And there, with no control over my senses, I hid in a lonely place with my bow in readiness intending to shoot a buffalo or an elephant or any other wild animal that might come to the spot for drinking water in the night.

D
Daśaratha
S
Sarayū River (implied from prior verse)
E
Elephant (gaja)

FAQs

Dharma demands indriya-nigraha (control of the senses): acting while ‘uncontrolled’ and driven by the urge to kill is presented as a moral fault that invites suffering.

Daśaratha describes lying in ambush at night near a river watering-place, ready to shoot any large animal that comes to drink.

The verse emphasizes the absence of virtue—loss of self-restraint—so that the later tragedy is understood as arising from a lapse in ethical discipline.