Valmiki Ramayana 2.49.7 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 49, Shloka 7

एकोनपञ्चाशः सर्गः (Sarga 49): Rāma’s Night Journey Beyond Kosala and the Charioteer Address

Devanagari script

कथं नाम महाभागा सीता जनकनन्दिनी।सदा सुखेष्वभिरता दुःखान्यनुभविष्यति।।।।

Transliteration

kathaṃ nāma mahābhāgā sītā janakanandinī |

sadā sukhēṣv abhiratā duḥkhāny anubhaviṣyati ||

Translation

«Как же Сита — столь счастливая, дочь Джанаки, всегда привыкшая к довольству, — сможет вынести тяготы?»

Word by Word

• katham: how?
• katham: Prashna (प्रश्न/भाव-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: katham (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)

• nāma: indeed/ever
• nāma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle; emphasis/astonishment)

• mahābhāgā: highly fortunate (lady)
• mahābhāgā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• sītā: Sita
• sītā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sītā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• janakanandinī: Janaka's daughter
• janakanandinī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: janaka-nandinī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): जनकस्य नन्दिनी

• sadā: always
• sadā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• sukheṣu: in comforts/pleasures
• sukheṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), बहुवचन

• abhiratā: deeply attached/engaged
• abhiratā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhi-rata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• duḥkhāni: sufferings
• duḥkhāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• anubhaviṣyati: will experience
• anubhaviṣyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-bhū (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

How will Sita, highly fortunate daughter of Janaka and used to comforts endure these sufferings?

Characters & Entities

• Sītā
• Janaka

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse foregrounds karuṇā (compassion) as a dharmic response: society grieves when the innocent and noble are forced into suffering.

What is the narrative situation?

As exile begins, the people worry not only for Rāma but also for Sītā, who is perceived as delicate and accustomed to palace comforts.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sītā’s nobility (mahābhāgā) is emphasized—her worthiness makes her prospective suffering feel especially unjust.