Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 46, Shloka 30
तमसातीरवासः
Night on the Bank of the Tamasa and the Stratagem to Elude the Citizens
Devanagari script
मोहनार्थं तु पौराणां सूतं रामोऽब्रवीद्वचः।उदङ्मुखः प्रयाहि त्वं रथमास्थाय सारथे।।2.46.30।।मुहूर्तं त्वरितं गत्वा निवर्तय रथं पुनः।यथा न विद्युः पौरा मां तथा कुरु समाहितः।।2.46.31।।
Transliteration
mohanārthaṃ tu paurāṇāṃ sūtaṃ rāmo 'bravīd vacaḥ | udaṅmukhaḥ prayāhi tvaṃ ratham āsthāya sārathe ||2.46.30||
Translation
Чтобы ввести горожан в заблуждение, Рама сказал возничему: «О возничий, взойди на колесницу и отправляйся, обратившись лицом к северу».
Word by Word
mohanārthamfor deception / to elude
mohanārtham:
Hetu (हेतु/प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootmohana-artha (प्रातिपदिक: mohana + artha)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'purpose of deluding'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially (prayojana)
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), contrast/emphasis
paurāṇāmof the citizens
paurāṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootpaura (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)
sūtamcharioteer
sūtam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
rāmaḥRama
rāmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (धातु)
FormLaṅ-lakāra (लङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
vacaḥwords
vacaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvacana/vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
udaṅmukhaḥnorth-facing
udaṅmukhaḥ:
Sambodhana/Viśeṣaṇa (सम्बोधन/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootudan-mukha (प्रातिपदिक: udan + mukha)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'face toward north'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); used as address/qualification of 'you'
prayāhigo forth
prayāhi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√yā (धातु)
FormLoṭ-lakāra (लोट्, imperative), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
rathamchariot
ratham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
āsthāyahaving mounted
āsthāya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√sthā (धातु)
FormKtvānta (क्त्वान्त/absolutive); 'having mounted/entered'
sāratheO charioteer
sārathe:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootsārathi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
muhūrtamfor a moment/while
muhūrtam:
Kālādhi karaṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmuhūrta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); duration-accusative
tvaritamquickly
tvaritam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottvarita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially = quickly
gatvāhaving gone
gatvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√gam (धातु)
FormKtvānta (क्त्वान्त/absolutive) 'having gone'
nivartayaturn back
nivartaya:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni-√vṛt (धातु)
FormLoṭ-lakāra (लोट्, imperative), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); causative sense 'make turn back' (णिच् implied)
rathamthe chariot
ratham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
punaḥagain
punaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)
yathāso that / as
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/relative adverb (सम्बन्धबोधक-अव्यय) introducing purpose/manner clause
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध-निपात)
vidyuḥmay know
vidyuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vid (धातु)
FormLiṅ-lakāra (लिङ्, optative), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
paurāḥcitizens
paurāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpaura (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
māmme
mām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
tathāthus / in that way
tathā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)
kurudo
kuru:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ (धातु)
FormLoṭ-lakāra (लोट्, imperative), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
samāhitaḥattentive / composed
samāhitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam-ā-√dhā > samāhita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/PPP) used adjectivally; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with tvam (understood)
Context
There is no doubt that now the men and women of Ayodhya, father's capital city must be bewailing our departure.
Characters & Entities
R
RamaS
SumantraC
Citizens of AyodhyaC
ChariotFAQs
Dharma can involve prudent strategy to prevent greater harm: Rama seeks to reduce public unrest and emotional turmoil by avoiding a direct, visible departure.
During the exile departure, Rama instructs Sumantra to take a misleading route so the citizens cannot easily follow or stop them.
Composed foresight—Rama balances truthfulness with compassionate prudence to protect the city from further distress.