Valmiki Ramayana 2.40.37: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 40, Shloka 37

प्रयाणवर्णनम्

Departure from Ayodhya; Civic Lament and the Chariot’s Urgency

Devanagari script

ततो हलहलाशब्दो जज्ञे रामस्य पृष्ठतः।नराणां प्रेक्ष्य राजानं सीदन्तं भृशदुःखितम्।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.40.37

Transliteration

tato halahalāśabdo jajñe rāmasya pṛṣṭhataḥ | narāṇāṃ prekṣya rājānaṃ sīdantaṃ bhṛśaduḥkhitam ||

Translation

Тогда позади Рамы поднялся среди людей шумный крик, когда они увидели царя, оседающего, сокрушённого тяжким горем.

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Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/अनन्तरवाचक-अव्यय (then/thereupon)

• halahalāśabdaḥ: a ‘halahalā’ roar (tumult)
• halahalāśabdaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: halahalā (ध्वन्यनुकरण/प्रातिपदिक) + śabda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• jajñe: arose
• jajñe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jan (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• rāmasya: of Rama
• rāmasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• pṛṣṭhataḥ: from behind
• pṛṣṭhataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (place)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pṛṣṭhatas (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• narāṇām: of the men
• narāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/agent-group)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• prekṣya: having seen
• prekṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra + īkṣ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund), ‘प्रेक्ष्य’ = having seen

• rājānam: the king
• rājānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• sīdantam: sinking, drooping
• sīdantam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sad (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of rājānam)

• bhṛśaduḥkhitam: deeply grieved
• bhṛśaduḥkhitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhṛśa (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + duḥkhita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of rājānam)

Context

When the people saw the king enfeebled by deep grief, they raised an uproar behind Rama's (chariot).

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Daśaratha (implied: rājā)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma’s impact is communal: the king’s suffering is not private but shared by society, reminding that ethical decisions in leadership reverberate through the people.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāma proceeds, the people notice Daśaratha collapsing in grief and respond with a loud collective outcry.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The people’s loyalty and concern for both Rāma and their king, reflecting social cohesion around dharmic ideals.