Valmiki Ramayana 2.20.4 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 20, Shloka 4

अयोध्याकाण्डे विंशः सर्गः

Rama Enters Kauśalyā’s Antaḥpura; Ritual Preparations and the Shock of Exile

Devanagari script

न क्रुध्यत्यभिशप्तोऽपि क्रोधनीयानि वर्जयन्।क्रुद्धान्प्रसादयन्सर्वान् स इतोऽद्य प्रवत्स्यति।।।।

Transliteration

na krudhyaty abhiśapto ’pi krodhanīyāni varjayan | kruddhān prasādayan sarvān sa ito ’dya pravatsyati ||

Translation

Тот, кто избегает дел, вызывающих гнев, кто умиротворяет разгневанных, и кто не гневается даже будучи проклят, — он, Рама, сегодня уходит отсюда в изгнание.

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• क्रुध्यति: gets angry
• क्रुध्यति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: krudh (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• अभिशप्तः: even if cursed
• अभिशप्तः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhi-śap (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; agrees with (रामः) understood

• अपि: even
• अपि: Avadharana (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अपि-कार (even/also)

• क्रोधनीयानि: anger-provoking acts
• क्रोधनीयानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: krodhanīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; "things that should/can cause anger" (नीयत्-प्रत्यय adjective used substantively)

• वर्जयन्: avoiding
• वर्जयन्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vṛj (धातु)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; agrees with (रामः)

• क्रुद्धान्: the angry (people)
• क्रुद्धान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kruddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; adjective used substantively "the angry (people)"

• प्रसादयन्: pacifying
• प्रसादयन्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-sad (धातु)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; causative sense in usage: "making pleased/pacifying"

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; qualifies क्रुद्धान्

• सः: he (that Rama)
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• इतः: from here
• इतः: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: itas (अव्यय)
• Form: अपादान-अव्यय (ablatival adverb: from here)

• अद्य: today
• अद्य: Kala (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (today)

• प्रवत्स्यति: will depart (into exile)
• प्रवत्स्यति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-vats (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

Context

Rama who used to avoid deeds that caused anger, pacified those who were angry with him, and never lost his cool even when cursed, that Rama is going on exile today.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is identified with mastery over anger: the righteous person avoids provoking conflict, pacifies others, and remains composed even under insult or curse.

What is the narrative situation?

In the midst of the exile crisis, Rāma’s exemplary temperament is recalled, heightening the tragedy that such a person is being sent away.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kṣamā and śama—patience and inner restraint—Rāma’s ability to remain calm and reconcile the angry.