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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 13, Shloka 1

अयोध्याकाण्डे त्रयोदशः सर्गः | Kaikeyi Presses the Boons; Dasaratha’s Lament and Collapse

अतदर्हं महाराजं शयानमतथोचितम्।ययातिमिव पुण्यान्ते देवलोकात्परिच्युतम्।।।।अनर्थरूपा सिद्धार्था ह्यभीता भयदर्शिनी।पुनराकारयामास तमेव वरमङ्गना।।।।

atadarhaṃ mahārājaṃ śayānam atathocitam, yayātim iva puṇyānte devalokāt paricyutam. anartharūpā siddhārthā hy abhītā bhayadarśinī, punar ākārayāmāsa tam eva varam aṅganā.

Великий царь лежал поверженный, недостойный такого обращения и непривычный к нему, словно Яяти, низринутый с небес, когда иссякла его заслуга. Та женщина, облик несчастья, достигнув цели, бесстрашная, но изображающая страх, вновь стала понуждать его к тем самым дарам.

a-tad-arhamnot deserving such (treatment)
a-tad-arham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक) + arha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; नञ्-तत्पुरुषः (tad-arha = deserving that; a-tad-arha = not deserving that)
mahā-rājamthe great king
mahā-rājam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; कर्मधारयः (mahān rājā)
śayānamlying (down)
śayānam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootśī (धातु)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; śānac participle (शानच्) ‘lying’
a-tathā-ucitamnot accustomed/unsuited to that
a-tathā-ucitam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottathā (अव्यय) + ucita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; नञ्-तत्पुरुषः (tathā-ucita = accustomed/appropriate thus; a-tathā-ucita = not so accustomed)
yayātimYayati
yayātim:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootyayāti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana (proper noun)
ivalike
iva:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, upamā-particle (उपमा-निपात)
puṇya-anteat the end of merit
puṇya-ante:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpuṇya (प्रातिपदिक) + anta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (puṇyasya antaḥ)
deva-lokātfrom heaven
deva-lokāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Pañcamī (5th/पञ्चमी), Ekavacana; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (devānāṃ lokaḥ)
paricyutamfallen down
paricyutam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpari-cyut (धातु)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; kta-participle (क्त)
anartha-rūpāmisfortune-incarnate
anartha-rūpā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootanartha (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (anarthasya rūpam)
siddha-arthāhaving achieved her aim
siddha-arthā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsiddha (कृदन्त) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; कर्मधारयः (siddhaḥ arthaḥ yasyāḥ)
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, emphatic particle (निपात)
abhītāfearless
abhītā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roota-bhīta (कृदन्त)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; नञ्-समास: not afraid
bhaya-darśinīdisplaying fear
bhaya-darśinī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhaya (प्रातिपदिक) + darśinī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (bhayasya darśinī = showing fear)
punaḥagain
punaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, adverb
ākārayāmāsacaused to be demanded/urged
ākārayāmāsa:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√kṛ (धातु)
FormCausative (णिच्) of √kṛ: ākāraya-; Liṭ (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana, parasmaipada
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, emphasis particle
varamboon
varam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
aṅganāthat woman
aṅganā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootaṅganā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

How will my son for whom the cooks with kundalas in their ears used to proudly prepare enough food and beverages subsist on astringent, pungent, bitter wild fruits and roots?

D
Daśaratha
K
Kaikeyī
Y
Yayāti
H
Heaven (devaloka)
B
Boons (vara)

FAQs

Dharma condemns coercion and manipulation: exploiting another’s vulnerability to enforce a promise violates righteous conduct even if it appears ‘lawful’ by words.

After Daśaratha collapses in misery, Kaikeyī reiterates her demands, and the narration likens the king’s fall to Yayāti’s fall from heaven.

By contrast, Daśaratha’s dignity and worthiness are emphasized (he is ‘not fit’ for humiliation), highlighting the ethical ugliness of Kaikeyī’s pressure.