Valmiki Ramayana 2.100.5 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 100, Shloka 5

शततमः सर्गः — Rāma Questions Bharata on Rājadharma

Governance, Counsel, and Public Welfare

Devanagari script

चिरस्य बत पश्यामि दूराद्भरतमागतम्।दुष्प्रतीकमरण्येऽस्मिन् किं तात वनमागतः।।।।

Transliteration

cirasya bata paśyāmi dūrād bharatam āgatam |

duṣpratīkam araṇye 'smin kiṃ tāta vanam āgataḥ || 2.100.5 ||

Translation

Спустя столь долгое время, увы, я издали вижу Бхарату, пришедшего сюда, в этот лес, измождённого и усталого. Зачем ты, дорогой брат, явился в эту глушь?

Word by Word

• चिरस्य: after a long time
• चिरस्य: कालाधिकरण (time adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोगः; 'चिरस्य' = चिरकालानन्तरम् (after a long time)

• बत: alas/indeed
• बत: निपात (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बत (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (exclamation; pity/astonishment)

• पश्यामि: I see
• पश्यामि: क्रिया (Kriyā/verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन

• दूरात्: from afar
• दूरात्: अपादान (Apādāna/source)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पञ्चमी-प्रयोग (ablatival adverb): 'from afar'

• भरतम्: Bharata
• भरतम्: कर्म (Karma/object of 'पश्यामि')
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आगतम्: who has come
• आगतम्: कर्म-विशेषण (object qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'भरतम्' इति विशेषण

• दुष्प्रतीकम्: ill-looking/emaciated
• दुष्प्रतीकम्: विशेषण (qualifier of 'भरतम्' understood)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष् + प्रतीक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: दुष्टं प्रतीकं यस्य/यत् (ill-looking, emaciated)

• अरण्ये: in the forest
• अरण्ये: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन

• अस्मिन्: in this
• अस्मिन्: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• किम्: why
• किम्: हेतु-प्रश्न (cause-question)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रश्नाव्यय (interrogative: 'why/what')

• तात: dear
• तात: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• वनम्: to the forest
• वनम्: कर्म (Karma/destination)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; गत्यर्थे कर्म

• आगतः: have you come
• आगतः: कर्ता-विशेषण (predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि, 'त्वम्' (understood)

Context

You have come a long distance (from Ayodhya) to this forest, O Bharata! It is a pity, dear brother, to see you after a long time, so emaciated. What brings you to the forest?

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Bharata
• forest (araṇya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as familial responsibility and concern: Rāma’s immediate response is protective empathy toward Bharata, reflecting righteous affection and duty among brothers.

What is the narrative situation?

At the forest hermitage during exile, Rāma suddenly sees Bharata arriving from Ayodhyā and asks the reason for his unexpected journey.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Compassion and attentiveness: Rāma notices Bharata’s hardship and responds with sincere concern rather than suspicion.