Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 28

Tithi-Nirṇaya for Vratas: Ekādaśī Rules, Saṅkrānti Punya-kāla, Eclipse Observances, and Prāyaścitta

Devanagari script

कहूः स्त्रीभिस्तथा शूद्रैरपि वानग्रिकैस्तथा । अपराह्णद्वयव्यापिन्यमावास्यातिथिर्यदि ॥ २८ ॥

Transliteration

kahūḥ strībhistathā śūdrairapi vānagrikaistathā | aparāhṇadvayavyāpinyamāvāsyātithiryadi || 28 ||

Translation

Говорится, что женщины, шудры и также лесные отшельники должны соблюдать её тогда, когда титхи Амавасьи простирается на оба послеобеденных периода (то есть охватывает обе половины после полудня).

Word by Word

• कहूः: (the tithi called) Kahūḥ
• कहूः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कहू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (विशेष-तिथिनाम)

• स्त्रीभिः: by women
• स्त्रीभिः: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• तथा: likewise/also
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय/अन्वयबोधक (conjunctive/adverbial: ‘also/likewise’)

• शूद्रैः: by Śūdras
• शूद्रैः: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधान/समुच्चयार्थक निपात (particle: also/even)

• वानग्रिकैः: by those without sacred fire
• वानग्रिकैः: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व + अनग्निक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारयसमास (Karmadharaya: व-अनग्निक = without sacred fire); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, पुनरुक्त समुच्चयार्थक (again: likewise)

• अपराह्णद्वयव्यापिनी: spanning two afternoons
• अपराह्णद्वयव्यापिनी: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपराह्ण + द्वय + व्यापिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (Tatpurusha: अपराह्णयोः द्वयम् व्यापिनी = pervading two afternoons); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifier)

• अमावास्यातिथिः: the amāvāsyā tithi
• अमावास्यातिथिः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमावास्या + तिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (Tatpurusha: अमावास्यायाः तिथि = the amāvāsyā tithi); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• यदि: if
• यदि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Condition marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, शर्तार्थक अव्यय (conditional particle: if)

Speaker

Narada (instructional narration within vrata-kāla nirṇaya context)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Amāvāsyā observance (general timing rule)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It emphasizes dharma through correct timing (kāla) in vrata practice, teaching that observances gain merit when aligned with the proper tithi-span, here Amāvāsyā extending across both afternoon divisions.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By stressing disciplined observance (vrata) at the right sacred time, it supports steady devotional life—bhakti is strengthened when worship, fasting, and ancestral rites are performed in harmony with tithi-based dharma.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Jyotiṣa (Vedāṅga astrology/time-reckoning): determining ritual eligibility by tithi-vyāpti—specifically, choosing Amāvāsyā when it spans the two aparāhṇa segments.