Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 54

Nirukta, Phonetic Variants, and Vedic Dhātu–Svara Taxonomy

Devanagari script

समाद्याश्चाप्युदात्तेतः षट्चत्वारिंशदुदीरिताः । चत्वारिशच्छतं चापि दिवादौ धातवो मताः ॥ ५४ ॥

Transliteration

samādyāścāpyudāttetaḥ ṣaṭcatvāriṃśadudīritāḥ | catvāriśacchataṃ cāpi divādau dhātavo matāḥ || 54 ||

Translation

Также, начиная с класса «sam-ādi» и включая отмеченные ударением udātta, названо сорок шесть. А начиная с класса divādi, число глагольных корней считается равным четырёмстам сорока.

Word by Word

• samādyāḥ: those beginning with ‘sama’
• samādyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sama + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), ‘also/even’

• udāttetaḥ: starting from ‘udātta’
• udāttetaḥ: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: udātta + itaḥ (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial ablatival form (तसिल्/ablative adverb), ‘from/starting with udātta’

• ṣaṭcatvāriṃśat: forty-six
• ṣaṭcatvāriṃśat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ṣaṭ + catvāriṃśat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Saṅkhyā-vācaka (numeral/संख्यावाचक), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग) — agreeing with samādyāḥ

• udīritāḥ: are stated/uttered
• udīritāḥ: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (मुख्यविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ud-īr (धातु) + ta (क्त) → udīrita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• catvāriṃśat: forty
• catvāriṃśat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: catvāriṃśat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Saṅkhyā-vācaka (numeral/संख्यावाचक), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) — qualifying śatam

• śatam: a hundred
• śatam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), ‘also’

• divādau: in the Divādi (class)
• divādau: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); gaṇa-nirdeśa ‘in the Divādi (class)’

• dhātavaḥ: roots (verbal roots)
• dhātavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhātu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• matāḥ: are considered
• matāḥ: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (मुख्यविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: man (धातु) + ta (क्त) → mata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in a technical, dharma-śāstra/śikṣā-vyākaraṇa oriented passage)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It frames disciplined Vedic study—especially correct grammatical and phonetic knowledge—as part of Moksha Dharma, implying that precision in śāstra (sound, accent, and verbal-root analysis) supports clarity of mantra, meaning, and right understanding.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: it emphasizes the correct tools of sacred learning (śikṣā and vyākaraṇa). In the Purāṇic context, such precision safeguards the faithful recitation and comprehension that nourish Vishnu-bhakti and scriptural devotion.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vedāṅga-oriented grammar and phonetics: enumeration/classification of dhātus (verbal roots) by gaṇa (e.g., divādi) and reference to udātta accent marking—key for accurate recitation and linguistic analysis.