Shloka 30

Adhyaya 35 — Madālasa’s Instruction on Purity, Impurity, and Corrective Rites (Śauca and Aśauca)

Sanskrit

न लङ्घयेत तथैवासृक्छ्ठीवनोद्वर्तनानि च । नोद्यानादौ विकालेषु प्राज्ञस्तिष्ठेत् कदाचन ॥

Transliteration

na laṅghayet tathaivāsṛkṣṭhīvanodvartanāni ca / nodyānādau vikāleṣu prājñas tiṣṭhet kadācana

Translation

Мудрый не должен переступать через кровь, слюну и телесные нечистоты, такие как грязь, стёртая после масляного массажа, и не должен относиться к ним с пренебрежением. Также благоразумному не следует праздно задерживаться в садах и подобных местах в неподобающее время.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (prohibitive particle)

• laṅghayet: should not transgress
• laṅghayet: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: laṅgh (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम्; धातुः—लङ्घ् (to overstep/violate)

• tathā: thus
• tathā: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: रीत्यर्थक-अव्यय (adverb: 'thus/in that manner')

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• asṛk-ṣṭhīvana-udvartanāni: blood, spittle, and rubbing (acts)
• asṛk-ṣṭhīvana-udvartanāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asṛk (प्रातिपदिक) + ṣṭhīvana (प्रातिपदिक) + udvartana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), बहुवचनम्; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (copulative: blood+spittle+rubbing/massage)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (prohibitive particle)

• udyāna-ādau: in a garden etc.
• udyāna-ādau: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udyāna (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचनम्; आदि-तत्पुरुषः (in places beginning with a garden)

• vikāleṣu: at improper times
• vikāleṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vikāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, सप्तमी (7th/locative), बहुवचनम्

• prājñaḥ: a wise person
• prājñaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prājña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचनम्

• tiṣṭhet: should stay/stand
• tiṣṭhet: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sthā (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम्; धातुः—स्था (to stand/stay)

• kadācana: ever (at any time)
• kadācana: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kadācana (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time; with negation = 'ever')

Speakers

• Dharma-instruction voice within the Purāṇic discourse (didactic narration; not Devi Māhātmya)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śauca (purity)
• Sadācāra (good conduct)
• Gṛhastha duties

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is expressed through everyday restraint: avoiding contact with impurity and avoiding risky/indecorous places at improper times. External cleanliness supports inner steadiness (sattva) and social order.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This is ancillary dharma-śikṣā (ācāra/niyama), not directly one of the five (sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, vaṃśānucarita). It functions as practical dharma appended within the Purāṇic teaching.

What is the esoteric significance?

Impurity (mala) symbolizes mental agitation and tamas; ‘not loitering at improper times’ indicates guarding the senses and mind from unwholesome impressions.