Shloka 111

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

नाचक्षीत धयन्तीं गां जलं नाञ्जलिना पिबेत् ।

शौचकालेषु सर्वेषु गुरुṣ्वल्पेषु वा पुनः ॥

Transliteration

nācakṣīta dhayantīṃ gāṃ jalaṃ nāñjalinā pibet / śaucakāleṣu sarveṣu guruṣvalpeṣu vā punaḥ

Translation

Не следует смотреть на корову, когда она кормит телёнка; и не следует пить воду из сложенных ковшиком ладоней. Во всякое время śauca (ритуальной нечистоты/очищения) и также в присутствии старших или гуру — даже если они молоды — надлежит соблюдать такую сдержанность.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• ācakṣīta: should speak/mention
• ācakṣīta: Vidhi (विधि)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√cakṣ (चक्ष् धातु)
• Form: Optative/विधिलिङ्, Ātmanepada, 3rd Person Singular; 'should speak/tell/point out'

• dhayantīm: drinking/suckling
• dhayantīm: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhayantī (प्रातिपदिक; शतृ/शानच् participle)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative Singular; present participle (शतृ) from √dhā? here √dhāy (धाय्) 'to suckle/drink' meaning 'drinking/suckling' qualifying gām

• gām: a cow
• gām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: go (गो प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative Singular

• jalam: water
• jalam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative Singular

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• añjalinā: with (cupped) hands
• añjalinā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: añjali (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental Singular; 'with cupped hands'

• pibet: should drink
• pibet: Vidhi (विधि)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √pā (पा धातु)
• Form: Optative/विधिलिङ्, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

• śauca-kāleṣu: during purification times
• śauca-kāleṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location-Context)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śauca-kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative Plural; तत्पुरुष: śauca + kāla 'times of purification'

• sarveṣu: in all
• sarveṣu: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative Plural; qualifying śauca-kāleṣu

• guruṣu: among elders/teachers
• guruṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative Plural

• alpeṣu: even in minor (cases)
• alpeṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: alpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative Plural; 'even in small (matters/occasions)' (elliptic)

• vā: or
• vā: Vikalpa (विकल्प)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Disjunctive particle (विकल्प)

• punaḥ: moreover
• punaḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb: 'again/further/moreover'

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within Markandeya Purana’s dharma-teaching context (frame not explicit in these verses)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śauca
• Social etiquette
• Respect for elders

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma trains sensitivity: avoid intrusive or improper acts (especially around nurturing life) and maintain decorum during liminal states (śauca) and before those worthy of respect.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra instruction; it supports societal and ritual order rather than cosmological genealogy.

What is the esoteric significance?

Nursing symbolizes protected vitality; ‘not looking’ can indicate guarding intimacy and non-appropriation. Drinking not from cupped hands emphasizes measured, non-hasty consumption—disciplining desire and impulse.