Shloka 35

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

दद्यात् श्राद्धं त्रयोदश्यां मघासु च यथाविधि । मधुसर्पिः समायुक्तं पायसं दक्षिणायने ॥

Transliteration

dadyāt śrāddhaṃ trayodaśyāṃ maghāsu ca yathāvidhi / madhusarpiḥ samāyuktaṃ pāyasaṃ dakṣiṇāyane

Translation

Следует совершать śrāddha в тринадцатый лунный день, а также тогда, когда господствует созвездие Maghā, согласно предписанию. В период Dakṣiṇāyana (южного хода солнца) следует подносить pāyasa (сладкий молочный рис), смешанный с мёдом и гхи.

Word by Word

• दद्यात्: one should give/offer
• दद्यात्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha rite
• श्राद्धम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• त्रयोदश्याम्: on the thirteenth lunar day
• त्रयोदश्याम्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रयोदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; कालवाचक (locative of time)

• मघासु: during Maghā (nakṣatra)
• मघासु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मघा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; नक्षत्रवाचक (in the Maghā asterism-days)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)

• यथाविधि: according to rule
• यथाविधि: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा + विधि (अव्यय/समास)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव समास; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• मधुसर्पिः: honey and ghee
• मधुसर्पिः: Karta/Instrument-specifier (कर्ता/उपकरणनिर्देशक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु + सर्पिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (मधु च सर्पिः च) समाहारार्थे

• समायुक्तम्: mixed/combined (with)
• समायुक्तम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-आ-युज् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (to पायसम्)

• पायसम्: rice pudding (pāyasa)
• पायसम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पायस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• दक्षिणायने: in the southern solstice/half-year (dakṣiṇāyana)
• दक्षिणायने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिणायन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; कालवाचक (locative of time); तत्पुरुष (दक्षिणं अयनम्)

Speakers

• Madālasā (ritual calendar guidance)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (ancestors)
• Sūrya (implicit via ayana)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Ritual timing (tithi/nakṣatra)
• Seasonal observance

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is shown as time-sensitive: right action includes right timing. The careful alignment with tithi/nakṣatra reflects an ethic of attentiveness and reverence rather than mere mechanical giving.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This is Ācāra/Dharma material, not a direct instance of sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Dakṣiṇāyana is traditionally associated with the Pitṛ-path; offering sweet, unctuous foods (honey/ghee) symbolizes ‘nourishing continuity’—stabilizing subtle bonds of lineage and memory.