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Shloka 22

गोप्रदानगुणाः तथा कपिलागोविधानम्

Merits of Cow-Gift and the Origin-Account of Kapilā Cows

न जातु ब्राह्मणो वाच्यो यदवाच्यं शचीपते । मनसा गोधु न द्रुह्ेद्‌ गोवृत्तिगोंडनुकल्पक:

na jātu brāhmaṇo vācyo yad avācyaṃ śacīpate | manasā goṣu na druhyed govṛttigo'nukalpakaḥ ||

Бхишма сказал: «О владыка Шачи (Индра), никогда не следует обращаться к брахману словами, которых не должно произносить. Так же не следует, даже в уме, питать злобы к коровам. Брахман, живущий “коровьим” образом — просто и безвредно, — заботящийся о коровах, устраивая для них траву и корм, и преданный истине и дхарме: выслушай плод, который ему достаётся. Даже если он пожертвует лишь одну корову, он обретает заслугу, равную дарению тысячи коров».

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जातुever, at any time
जातु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजातु
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाच्यःto be spoken/called; (here) to be addressed
वाच्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवाच्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्which, what
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अवाच्यम्unspeakable; not to be spoken
अवाच्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवाच्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शचीपतेO lord of Śacī (Indra)
शचीपते:
TypeNoun
Rootशचीपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मनसाby the mind; mentally
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
गोṣuin/with regard to cows
गोṣu:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
द्रुहेत्should harm/act treacherously
द्रुहेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रुह्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गोवृत्तिःcow-like livelihood/way of living
गोवृत्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootगोवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गो-उदन-उकल्पकःone who arranges fodder/food for cows
गो-उदन-उकल्पकः:
TypeNoun
Rootगोउदनउकल्पक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
I
Indra (Śacīpati/Śakra)
B
Brāhmaṇa
C
Cows (go)
C
Cow-gift (go-dāna)

Educational Q&A

Guard speech and intention: never use improper or abusive words toward a brāhmaṇa, and never entertain hostility toward cows even mentally. A life of simplicity, truth, and active care for cows magnifies the merit of charity—so much that gifting even one cow is praised as equal to a thousand cow-gifts.

In Bhīṣma’s dharma-instruction (Anuśāsana Parva), he addresses Indra by epithet (Śacīpati) while explaining ethical restraints (speech and mental non-harm) and then extols the extraordinary spiritual fruit of cow-related charity, especially when performed by a truthful, dharma-minded brāhmaṇa who supports and provides for cows.