Shloka 23

Bhojana-vidhi and Nitya-karman: Directions for Eating, Prāṇa-Oblations, Sandhyā, and Conduct Leading to Apavarga

Devanagari script

नैकवस्त्रस्तु भुञ्जीत न यानशयनस्थितः / न पादुकानिर्गतो ऽथ न हसन् विलपन्नपि

Transliteration

naikavastrastu bhuñjīta na yānaśayanasthitaḥ / na pādukānirgato 'tha na hasan vilapannapi

Translation

Не следует есть, будучи одетым лишь в одну одежду; ни сидя на повозке/транспорте, ни лёжа на постели. Не следует есть, выйдя в обуви; и не следует есть, смеясь, равно как и плача.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• eka-vastraḥ: wearing only one garment
• eka-vastraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक) + vastra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः: एकं वस्त्रम् अस्य (one-clothed)

• tu: indeed/but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषार्थक-अव्यय (but/indeed)

• bhuñjīta: should eat
• bhuñjīta: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhuj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• yāna-śayana-sthitaḥ: being on a vehicle or lying on a bed
• yāna-śayana-sthitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yāna (प्रातिपदिक) + śayana (प्रातिपदिक) + sthā (धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; 'स्थित' = स्था-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; समासः इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः: याने च शयने च स्थितः

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• pādukā-nirgataḥ: having gone out with sandals on
• pādukā-nirgataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pādukā (प्रातिपदिक) + nir-√gam (धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; 'निर्गत' = निर्+गम् धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; तत्पुरुषः: पादुकाभ्यां (सह) निर्गतः (i.e., wearing sandals)

• atha: then/further
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तर/प्रसङ्गार्थक-अव्यय (then/and further)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• hasan: laughing
• hasan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √has (धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्तः

• vilapan: lamenting/crying
• vilapan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√lap (धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्तः; उपसर्गः वि-

• api: even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अपि-भावार्थक-अव्यय (even)

Speaker

Traditional narration attributed to the Purāṇic teacher (Sūta/Vyāsa tradition) conveying dharma-vidhi; framed within Kurma Purana’s instructional discourse

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

Indirectly, by prescribing steadiness and purity during eating, it supports the sāttvika discipline needed for inner clarity, which is a prerequisite for recognizing the Atman through yoga and self-inquiry.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

It emphasizes pratyāhāra-like restraint and mindful regulation of āhāra (food intake): eating in a composed posture, with modesty and emotional balance, so the mind remains fit for japa, dhyāna, and Pāśupata-oriented self-control.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

Though no deity is named, the verse reflects the shared Purāṇic ethic upheld across Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava streams: disciplined conduct (ācāra) as the foundation for devotion and yoga—supporting the Kurma Purana’s synthesis of dharma with liberation-oriented practice.