Shloka 19
Vasiṣṭha-gamana
Vasiṣṭha’s Departure / The Episode of Sagara
Devanagari script
जघान सानुगान्मत्तः प्रजाः क्रुद्ध इवान्तकः / ततस्तान्प्रति सक्रोधः सगरः समरे ऽरिहा
Transliteration
jaghāna sānugānmattaḥ prajāḥ kruddha ivāntakaḥ / tatastānprati sakrodhaḥ sagaraḥ samare 'rihā
Translation
В исступлении он стал убивать народ вместе со своими приближёнными, словно разгневанный Яма; тогда Сагара, губитель врагов, с яростью поднялся против них в битве.
Word by Word
jaghānaslew, struck down
jaghāna:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√han (धातु)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada
sa-anugāntogether with followers
sa-anugān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थ) + anuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Bahuvacana; विशेषण of prajāḥ/nṛpān understood; sa- = ‘with’ (saha-artha)
mattaḥmaddened
mattaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmatta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; adverbial/qualifying the subject (Sagara) as ‘intoxicated/maddened’
prajāḥsubjects, people
prajāḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Bahuvacana
kruddhaḥangry
kruddhaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkruddha (कृदन्त)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; kta from √krudh ‘to be angry’; predicate adjective of subject
ivalike, as if
iva:
Upamā-dyotaka (उपमाद्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle of comparison (उपमा)
antakaḥDeath (Yama)
antakaḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootantaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; used in simile
tataḥthen, thereafter
tataḥ:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) of sequence
tānthose (kings)
tān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Bahuvacana
pratiagainst, towards
prati:
Pratiyogin-dyotaka (प्रत्ययार्थ/द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprati (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; preposition-like (upasarga/avyaya) meaning ‘towards/against’
sa-krodhaḥwith anger, enraged
sa-krodhaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (अव्यय/सह) + krodha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; विशेषण of sagaraḥ; sa- = ‘with’
sagaraḥSagara
sagaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsagara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana
samarein battle
samare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsamara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana; locative of place
arihāslayer of enemies
arihā:
Apposition (समानााधिकरण/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootarihā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; epithet of Sagara (‘enemy-slayer’)