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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 34

Devanagari script

गुरुदेवातिथिभ्यश्च स्वभृत्येभ्यो विशेषतः । अदत्त्वा भोजनं यैस्तु कृतं तेऽत्र व्यवस्थिताः

Transliteration

gurudevātithibhyaśca svabhṛtyebhyo viśeṣataḥ | adattvā bhojanaṃ yaistu kṛtaṃ te'tra vyavasthitāḥ

Translation

Aqueles que, sem oferecer alimento ao guru, aos deuses, aos hóspedes e, sobretudo, aos seus dependentes e servos, comeram para si mesmos—esses são aqui postos para sofrer.

Word by Word
गुरुदेवातिथिभ्यःto teachers, gods, and guests
गुरुदेवातिथिभ्यः:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक) + देव (प्रातिपदिक) + अतिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (सम्प्रदान), बहुवचन — Masculine, Dative, Plural; ‘to gurus, gods, and guests’
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
स्वभृत्येभ्यःto one’s own servants
स्वभृत्येभ्यः:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक) + भृत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (सम्प्रदान), बहुवचन — Masculine, Dative, Plural
विशेषतःespecially
विशेषतः:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः (अव्यय)
Formप्रकार/विशेषवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘especially’)
अदत्त्वाwithout giving
अदत्त्वा:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन + √दा (धातु) → अदत्त्वा (कृदन्त, त्वा-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), निषेधपूर्वक — Absolutive/gerund: ‘without giving’
भोजनम्food, meal
भोजनम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन — Neuter, Accusative, Singular
यैःby whom
यैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (सामान्यतः), तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन — Masculine, Instrumental, Plural; relative pronoun
तुbut, indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (particle: ‘but/indeed’)
कृतम्done, committed
कृतम्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeAdjective
Root√कृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे — Past passive participle; Neuter, Singular
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural
अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
व्यवस्थिताःare stationed/placed (here)
व्यवस्थिताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + अव + √स्था (धातु) → व्यवस्थित (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘स्थिताः’ इत्यर्थे — Past participle; Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker

Skanda (deduced from Nāgarakhaṇḍa Tīrthamāhātmya narrative style)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A moral contrast tableau: a householder eats alone while guru, guests, and servants stand unfed; the scene dissolves into a punitive underworld station where such selfish eaters are held.

Characters & Entities
G
Guru
D
Devas
A
Atithi (guest)
S
Servants/Dependents

FAQs

Food is sacred; withholding nourishment from guru, guests, and dependents violates dharma and leads to painful karmic consequences.

No single tīrtha is named in this verse; it appears within a broader Tīrthamāhātmya discourse on dharma and its fruits.

The implied prescription is anna-dāna—feeding guru, guests, and dependents before eating oneself.

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