विषादग्नेः कुलघ्नानां तया चैवात्मघातिनाम् । दंष्ट्रिभिर्हतदेहानां शृंगिभिश्च सुरेश्वर । प्रेतत्वं जायते नूनं सत्यमेतदसंशयम्
viṣādagneḥ kulaghnānāṃ tayā caivātmaghātinām | daṃṣṭribhirhatadehānāṃ śṛṃgibhiśca sureśvara | pretatvaṃ jāyate nūnaṃ satyametadasaṃśayam
Para os consumidos pelo fogo do desalento, para os que matam a própria linhagem e também para os que tiram a própria vida; e para aqueles cujos corpos são mortos por feras de presas e por criaturas de chifres—ó Senhor dos deuses—surge certamente a condição de preta. Isto é verdade, sem dúvida.
Viṣṇu
Listener: Audience of the māhātmya; immediate speakers are within a deva-dialogue
Scene: A liminal cremation-ground vision: afflicted pretas hovering near a śmaśāna, with Indra and the Lord (Madhusūdana) in dialogue, emphasizing compassion and the gravity of viṣāda and transgressive deaths.
Despair, self-harm, and grievous social sin (kulaghna) are portrayed as producing preta-bhāva; Purāṇic dharma urges steadiness, restraint, and protection of life and lineage.
The Adhyāya’s underlying tīrtha frame is Dhārātīrtha, though this verse broadens into general causes of preta-hood.
None explicitly; it is an ethical-doctrinal enumeration of conditions leading to preta-gati.