Rig Veda 7.104.12: Mandala 7, Sukta 104, Mantra 12

Sukta 7.104

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 7; hymn 7.104 in the Vasiṣṭha corpus)

Devata: Soma (as truth-supporting power) with an implicit Indraic/rakṣas-destroying horizon in the surrounding verses

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (predominant meter of RV 7.104; this verse conforms to the triṣṭubh movement)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सुविज्ञानं चिकितुषे जनाय सच्चासच्च वचसी पस्पृधाते । तयोर्यत्सत्यं यतरदृजीयस्तदित्सोमोऽवति हन्त्यासत् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.104.12

Transliteration

suvijñānáṃ cíkituṣe jánāya sác cā́sac ca vácasī paspṛdhāte | táyor yát satyáṃ yátarád ṛ́jīyas tád ít sómo ’vati hánty ásat ||

Translation

Ao ser humano discernente torna-se possível o conhecimento claro: a palavra verdadeira e a palavra não verdadeira contendem entre si. De ambas, o que é verdade, o que é mais reto e de curso mais justo — isso Soma sustenta; e a falsidade ele abate.

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Word by Word

• सुविज्ञानम्: good discernment, clear knowledge
• सुविज्ञानम्: कर्म (of चिकीटुषे: ‘knowing/understanding’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु- + विज्ञान (√ज्ञा ‘to know’ > विज्ञान ‘knowledge, discernment’)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• चिकीटुषे: to/for the discerning one
• चिकीटुषे: सम्प्रदान (to/for the one who understands)
• Type: Verb (participial form used substantively)
• Root: √चित्/√चिकित् (Vedic: ‘to perceive, notice, understand’)

• जनाय: to a person, to the people
• जनाय: सम्प्रदान (to/for the person/people)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (prātipadika ‘people, man’)

• सत्: the true/real
• सत्: कर्म (object within the pair ‘sat…asat’)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: सत् (from √अस् ‘to be’ > sat ‘being, true’)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• असत्: the untrue/unreal
• असत्: कर्म (object within the pair ‘sat…asat’)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: असत् (a- + sat) (from √अस्)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वचसी: two utterances/speeches
• वचसी: कर्तृ (of पस्पृधाते: ‘two speeches contend’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (prātipadika ‘word, speech’)

• पस्पृधाते: the two contend/vie
• पस्पृधाते: क्रिया (main verb: ‘they two contend’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्पृध् ‘to contend, vie, quarrel’

• तयोः: of those two
• तयोः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of those two’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (pronoun)

• यत्: that which
• यत्: कर्म/विषय (relative: ‘that which…’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• सत्यम्: truth, the true
• सत्यम्: विशेष्य/विषय (predicate-content: ‘(is) true’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सत्य (from sat + -ya)

• यत्: that which
• यत्: कर्म/विषय (relative: ‘and that which…’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्

• तरत्: more (so), rather
• तरत्: विशेषण (qualifies the second ‘that which is more…’)
• Type: Adjective (comparative) used predicatively
• Root: तर (comparative base from √तॄ/√तॄ ‘to cross, surpass’ > ‘more, further’; Vedic comparative usage) অথবা तर (comparative suffix -तर)

• ऋजीयः: more straight, more right
• ऋजीयः: विशेषण (qualifies: ‘more straight/right’)
• Type: Adjective (comparative)
• Root: ऋजु/ऋजि (prātipadika ‘straight, right’; Vedic comparative/superlative-type in -īyas)

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म/विषय (resumptive: ‘that…’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• इत्: indeed, just
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (emphatic particle)

• सोमः: Soma
• सोमः: कर्तृ (of अवति) तथा (of हन्ति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (prātipadika; deity/plant/pressed juice)

• अवति: helps, protects
• अवति: क्रिया (main verb: ‘helps’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अव् ‘to help, protect, favor’

• हन्ति: slays
• हन्ति: क्रिया (co-ordinate: ‘slays’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् ‘to strike, slay’

• असत्: the false/untrue
• असत्: कर्म (what is slain: ‘the untrue’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: असत् (a- + sat) (from √अस्)