Rig Veda 5.55.8: Mandala 5, Sukta 55, Mantra 8

Sukta 5.55

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) — probable for RV 5.55 (Atri family hymns)

Devata: Maruts (with epithet Vasavaḥ in the verse)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; RV 5.55 predominantly Triṣṭubh)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यत्पूर्व्यं मरुतो यच्च नूतनं यदुद्यते वसवो यच्च शस्यते । विश्वस्य तस्य भवथा नवेदसः शुभं यातामनु रथा अवृत्सत ॥

Transliteration

yátpū́rvyaṃ maruto yác ca nū́tanaṃ yád udyáte vasavo yác ca śasyáte | víśvasya tásya bhavathā náv̄edasaḥ śúbhaṃ yātám ánu ráthā avṛtsata ||

Translation

O que em vós é antigo, ó Maruts, e o que é recém-nascido; o que se ergue, ó Vasus, como um novo ímpeto, e o que é proclamado e cantado — de tudo isso sois os conhecedores sempre renovados. Que vossos carros sigam a via auspiciosa e se voltem para cá, para nós.

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Word by Word

• यत्: whatever / that which
• यत्: Karma (object of implied ‘know/consider’ with following clauses)
• Type: Indeclinable (relative pronoun used as conjunction)
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• पूर्व्यम्: former, earlier
• पूर्व्यम्: Karma (qualifier of यत्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व्य (adj. from पूर्व ‘former’)

• मरुतः: O Maruts
• मरुतः: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (prātipadika)

• यत्: and whatever
• यत्: Karma (correlative object)
• Type: Indeclinable (relative)
• Root: यद्

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• नूतनम्: new, fresh
• नूतनम्: Karma (qualifier of यत्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नूतन (adj.)

• यत्: whatever
• यत्: Karma (correlative object)
• Type: Indeclinable (relative)
• Root: यद्

• उद्यते: is raised / is uttered aloud
• उद्यते: Kriyā (verbal predicate of the clause with यत्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-यम् (यम् ‘to raise, lift’)

• वसवः: O Vasus
• वसवः: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु (prātipadika)

• यत्: and whatever
• यत्: Karma (correlative object)
• Type: Indeclinable (relative)
• Root: यद्

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• शस्यते: is praised / is recited
• शस्यते: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: शंस् (to praise, recite)

• विश्वस्य: of all / of the whole
• विश्वस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation with तस्य)
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: विश्व (adj./noun)

• तस्य: of that
• तस्य: Sambandha (genitive with नवेदसः: ‘knowers of that’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāma)

• भवथ: you are / you become
• भवथ: Kriyā (main predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (to be, become)

• नवेदसः: not-knowing (yet) / unknowing ones
• नवेदसः: Kartā (subject of भवथ)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (bahuvrīhi-like epithet)
• Root: नवेदस् (compound: न- ‘not’ + वेदस् ‘knowing’; prātipadika)

• शुभम्: auspiciously / to good fortune
• शुभम्: Karma/Prayojana (goal/quality of motion)
• Type: Adjective used adverbially
• Root: शुभ (adj./noun)

• याताम्: go! / come!
• याताम्: Kriyā (injunction)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (to go)

• अनु: along, following
• अनु: Adhikaraṇa (path/direction marker)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/postposition)
• Root: अनु

• रथाः: chariots
• रथाः: Karma (object of अनु: ‘along the chariots’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (prātipadika)

• अवृत्सत: they/you have turned (hither) / have set forth
• अवृत्सत: Kriyā (concluding action; subject = the addressed gods/Maruts implied)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत् (to turn, roll, set in motion) with preverb आ- (ā-vṛt)