Rig Veda 5.55.5: Mandala 5, Sukta 55, Mantra 5

Sukta 5.55

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition)

Devata: Maruts

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उदीरयथा मरुतः समुद्रतो यूयं वृष्टिं वर्षयथा पुरीषिणः । न वो दस्रा उप दस्यन्ति धेनवः शुभं यातामनु रथा अवृत्सत ॥

Transliteration

udī́rayathā marutaḥ samudrató yūyáṃ vṛṣṭíṃ varṣayathā purī́ṣiṇaḥ | ná vo dasrā́ úpa dasyanti dhenávaḥ śúbhaṃ yātām ánu rathā́ avṛtsata ||

Translation

Vós ergueis as águas das profundezas do oceano, ó Maruts; fazeis chover, vós os transbordantes, ricos em abundância. Não vos faltam as correntes nutridoras, ó maravilhosos. Que vossos carros rolem, seguindo o caminho auspicioso.

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Word by Word

• उदीरयथा: you (two) raise up / set in motion
• उदीरयथा: Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया) / Kartṛ-kriyā with implied subject ‘you two/you (Maruts)’
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-ईरय् (caus. of √ईर्/√इर् ‘to set in motion, raise’)

• मरुतः: O Maruts / the Maruts
• मरुतः: Kartā (vocative-like address; syntactically subject/apposition to ‘you’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (prātipadika)

• समुद्रतः: from the sea
• समुद्रतः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (prātipadika)

• यूयम्: you (pl.)
• यूयम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (pronoun)

• वृष्टिम्: rain
• वृष्टिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्टि (prātipadika)

• वर्षयथा: you (two) cause to rain / make rain fall
• वर्षयथा: Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृष् ‘to rain’ → caus. वर्षय्

• पुरीषिणः: rich in moisture/strength (O Maruts)
• पुरीषिणः: Viśeṣaṇa of मरुतः / (Kartā-apposition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरीषिन् (adj. ‘abounding in moisture/strength; rich, fat’)

• न: not
• न: (negation particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• वः: of you / your
• वः: Sambandha (possessor/related-to)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (enclitic pronoun)

• दस्राः: wondrous/skillful ones
• दस्राः: Kartā (with धेनवः as apposition/subject-group)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दस्र (adj. ‘wondrous, able, skillful’)

• उप: near; towards
• उप: (directional/approach modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप

• दस्यन्ति: they fail / are not lacking? (context: ‘do not fail you’ / ‘do not fall short’)
• दस्यन्ति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दस्/दस्य् (Vedic: ‘to fail, be wanting; to be hostile/deficient’)

• धेनवः: cows; milch-cows
• धेनवः: Kartā (subject of दस्यन्ति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (prātipadika)

• शुभम्: auspiciously; splendour/beauty
• शुभम्: Karma / or Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverbial accusative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुभ (n. ‘splendour, beauty, auspiciousness’)

• याताम्: let the two go / may the two come
• याताम्: Kriyā (injunctive/benedictive command)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या ‘to go’

• अनु: along; after
• अनु: (path/sequence modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु

• रथाः: chariots
• रथाः: Kartā (subject of अवृत्सत)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (prātipadika)

• अवृत्सत: they rolled/turned; they set forth (moved)
• अवृत्सत: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृत् ‘to turn, roll, move’ (Vedic aorist formation)