Rig Veda 5.43.1: Mandala 5, Sukta 43, Mantra 1

Sukta 5.43

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya) (traditional for RV 5.43)

Devata: Viśve Devāḥ / nourishing powers (often read as a broad all-gods invocation with symbolic ‘seven’ powers)

Chandas: Jagatī or Triṣṭubh (needs metrical verification; verse length suggests Jagatī tendencies)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ धेनवः पयसा तूर्ण्यर्था अमर्धन्तीरुप नो यन्तु मध्वा । महो राये बृहतीः सप्त विप्रो मयोभुवो जरिता जोहवीति ॥

Transliteration

ā́ dhenávaḥ páyasā tūrṇyàrthā́ amárdhantīr úpa no yantu mádhvā | mahó rāyé bṛhatī́ḥ sapta vípro mayobhúvo jaritā́ johavīti ||

Translation

Que venham a nós depressa as vacas leiteiras da abundância com o seu leite, sem impedimento, com doçura de mel. Para a grande riqueza, o vidente, o cantor, chama em alta voz as sete potências vastas, portadoras de alegria.

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Word by Word

• आ: hither, towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)

• धेनवः: milch-cows (cows)
• धेनवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु- (प्रातिपदिक) / dhenu-

• पयसा: with milk
• पयसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस्- (प्रातिपदिक) / payas-

• तूर्ण्यर्थाः: swift-going / having swift aim
• तूर्ण्यर्थाः: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तूर्णि- + अर्थ- (समास) / tūrṇi- + artha-

• अमर्धन्तीः: not failing, unremitting
• अमर्धन्तीः: Kartā (धेनवः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: मृध् (धातु) / mṛdh ‘to neglect, fail, be remiss’

• उप: near, unto
• उप: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) / upa

• नः: to us / our
• नः: Sampradāna (लाभार्थे) / beneficiary
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम) / asmad

• यन्तु: let them come/go
• यन्तु: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु) / yā ‘to go’

• मध्वा: with sweetness / with honey (mead)
• मध्वा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु- (प्रातिपदिक) / madhu-

• महो: for great (gain)
• महो: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्- (प्रातिपदिक) / mahat-

• राये: for wealth
• राये: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: राय्-/रायि- (प्रातिपदिक) / rāy- ‘wealth’

• बृहतीः: great, lofty
• बृहतीः: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहती- (प्रातिपदिक) / bṛhatī-

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: —
• Type: Numeral
• Root: सप्त (संख्या) / sapta

• विप्रः: the inspired sage
• विप्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र- (प्रातिपदिक) / vipra-

• मयोभुवः: bringing delight, beneficent
• मयोभुवः: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मयस्- + भू (समास; बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष) / mayas- + bhū

• जरिता: the praiser
• जरिता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: जरितृ- (प्रातिपदिक; √गॄ/गिर् ‘to sing, praise’ से) / jaritṛ-

• जोहवीति: keeps invoking / calls repeatedly
• जोहवीति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: ह्वे (धातु) / hve ‘to call, invoke’ (intensive/iterative: johavīti)