Rig Veda 4.20.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 20, Mantra 1

Sukta 4.20

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional for RV 4.20)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify metrically)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ न इन्द्रो दूरादा न आसादभिष्टिकृदवसे यासदुग्रः । ओजिष्ठेभिर्नृपतिर्वज्रबाहुः संगे समत्सु तुर्वणिः पृतन्यून् ॥

Transliteration

ā́ na índro dūrā́d ā́ na āsā́d abhiṣṭi-kṛ́d ávase yāsad ugráḥ | ójiṣṭhebhiḥ nṛ-pátir vájra-bāhuḥ saṃ-gé samát-su turváṇiḥ pṛtanyū́n ||

Translation

Que Indra venha a nós de longe, que venha também de perto — ele, que nos faz proteção segura, o terrível. Com suas forças mais potentes, senhor dos homens, cujo braço porta a Vajra, que no choque das batalhas vença velozmente os combatentes enfurecidos que resistem ao avanço.

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Word by Word

• आ: hither; towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga) / ā (nipāta)

• नः: of us; for us
• नः: Sampradāna (beneficiary/for us)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (prātipadika)

• दूरात्: from afar
• दूरात्: Apādāna
• Type: Indeclinable (ablatival adverb)
• Root: दूर (prātipadika)

• आ: hither; towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga) / ā (nipāta)

• नः: to us; for us
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• आसादत्: may he come near; may he approach
• आसादत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सद् (sad) with ā- (आ√सद्)

• अभिष्टिकृत्: maker of help; bestower of aid
• अभिष्टिकृत्: Kartā (apposition to Indra)
• Type: Adjective (agent-noun) / Epithet
• Root: अभिष्टि (prātipadika) + √कृ (kṛ) (kṛt-compound)

• अवसे: for aid; for protection
• अवसे: Sampradāna (purpose/benefit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (prātipadika)

• यासत्: may he come; may he go hither
• यासत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (yā) with ā- (आ√या)

• उग्रः: mighty; fierce
• उग्रः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (prātipadika)

• ओजिष्ठेभिः: with the strongest (powers/forces)
• ओजिष्ठेभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ओजिष्ठ (superlative of ओजस्/उज्- ‘strength’)

• नृपतिः: lord of men
• नृपतिः: Kartā (apposition to Indra)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृपति (nṛ-pati, prātipadika)

• वज्रबाहुः: he whose arm bears the vajra; thunderbolt-armed
• वज्रबाहुः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun (bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa epithet)
• Root: वज्रबाहु (vajra-bāhu, prātipadika)

• संगे: in the encounter; in the clash
• संगे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: संग (saṅga, prātipadika)

• समत्सु: in battles
• समत्सु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: समत्सु (samatsu, prātipadika; ‘battles’)

• तुर्वणिः: overpowering; impetuous conqueror
• तुर्वणिः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Adjective/Noun (epithet)
• Root: तुर्वणि (prātipadika)

• पृतन्यून्: the hostile fighters; battle-foes
• पृतन्यून्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: पृतन्यु (prātipadika)