Rig Veda 10.87.19: Mandala 10, Sukta 87, Mantra 19

Sukta 10.87

Rishi: Kavya Uśanas (traditional)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सनादग्ने मृणसि यातुधानान्न त्वा रक्षांसि पृतनासु जिग्युः । अनु दह सहमूरान्क्रव्यादो मा ते हेत्या मुक्षत दैव्यायाः ॥

Transliteration

sanā́d agne mṛṇasi yātudhā́nān ná tvā rákṣāṃsi pṛ́tanāsu jigyuḥ | ánu daha sahámūrān kravyā́do mā́ te hetyā́ mukṣata daívyāyāḥ ||

Translation

Desde tempos antigos, ó Agni, tu abates os Yātudhānas; os Rakṣasas não te venceram nas batalhas. Persegue-os e queima-os — devoradores de carne, poderosos enganadores; que não escapem à tua força divina de dardo (hetyā).

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Word by Word

• सनात्: from of old; ever
• सनात्: Adhikaraṇa (kāla-adhikaraṇa: ‘from ancient times/always’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सनात् (avyaya; from prātipadika सनातन/सनात् ‘from of old’)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: Sambodhana (addressed deity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (prātipadika)

• मृणसि: you destroy
• मृणसि: Kriyā (predicate); kartā implied ‘त्वम्’
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृण् (धातु; ‘to crush, destroy, harm’)

• यातुधानान्: the sorcerers/demons (Yātudhānas)
• यातुधानान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यातुधान (prātipadika)

• न: not
• न: (negation particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (avyaya)

• त्वा: you
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• रक्षांसि: the demons/evil spirits (Rakṣases)
• रक्षांसि: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षस् (prātipadika)

• पृतनासु: in battles
• पृतनासु: Adhikaraṇa (locus: battle-situations)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृतना (prātipadika)

• जिग्युः: have conquered; have overcome
• जिग्युः: Kriyā (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि (धातु; ‘to conquer’)

• अनु: after; along; in pursuit
• अनु: (preverb to दह) अव्यय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (avyaya)

• दह: burn!
• दह: Kriyā (imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दह् (धातु; ‘to burn’)

• सहमूरान्: the Sahamūras (a class of hostile beings)
• सहमूरान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहमूर (prātipadika; Vedic demon-name/epithet) अथवा सह-मूर (compound)

• क्रव्यादः: the flesh-eaters
• क्रव्यादः: Karma (in apposition to सहमूरान्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रव्याद (prātipadika; ‘flesh-eater’)

• मा: do not
• मा: (prohibition)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (avyaya)

• ते: your; of you
• ते: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of you/your’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• हेत्या: with (your) weapon/missile
• हेत्या: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: हेति (prātipadika; ‘missile, weapon, dart’)

• मुक्षत: let (them) not release/let fly
• मुक्षत: Kriyā (predicate); kartā = implied ‘(ते शत्रवः/रक्षांसि)’
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच् (धातु; ‘to release, let go’)

• दैव्यायाः: of the divine (one); divine
• दैव्यायाः: Sambandha (genitive qualifying हेत्या: ‘of the divine [one]’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दैव्य (adj. prātipadika from देव ‘divine’) used substantively