Shloka 8

Adhyaya 59 — Cosmic Geography and Yuga-Order: Bhadrashva, Ketumala, and the Northern Kuru Region

Sanskrit

नद्योऽथ बह्व्यो विस्तीर्णाः शीततोयौघवाहिकाः ।

अत्र वर्षे नराः शङ्खशुद्धहेमसमप्रभाः ॥

Transliteration

nadyo ’tha bahvyo vistīrṇāḥ śītatoyaughavāhikāḥ / atra varṣe narāḥ śaṅkhaśuddhahemasamaprabhāḥ

Translation

E muitos rios largos correm, trazendo correntes de águas frescas. Neste varṣa, as pessoas resplandecem como a concha, como o ouro puro e semelhantes.

Word by Word

• नद्यः: rivers
• नद्यः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative); बहुवचन

• अथ: and; then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम/समुच्चयार्थक निपात

• बह्व्यः: many
• बह्व्यः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative); बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying नद्यः)

• विस्तीर्णाः: broad; expanded
• विस्तीर्णाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि + स्तॄ (धातु) → विस्तीर्ण (कृदन्त/क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचन; विशेषण (नद्यः)

• शीततोयौघवाहिकाः: carrying torrents of cold water
• शीततोयौघवाहिकाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीत + तोय + ओघ + वाहिका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative); बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (शीत-तोय-ओघं वहन्ति इति = ‘carrying streams of cold water’); विशेषण (नद्यः)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• वर्षे: in the region/land (varṣa)
• वर्षे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/Locative); एकवचन

• नराः: men; people
• नराः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative); बहुवचन

• शङ्खशुद्धहेमसमप्रभाः: having radiance like conch-white pure gold
• शङ्खशुद्धहेमसमप्रभाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शङ्ख + शुद्ध + हेम + सम + प्रभा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative); बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (शङ्ख-शुद्ध-हेम-समा प्रभा यस्य = ‘having lustre like conch-pure gold’); विशेषण (नराः)

Speakers

• Narrator to interlocutor

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sacred geography
• Idealized human qualities

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The environment is depicted as pure and life-sustaining, and the people reflect that purity—echoing the Purāṇic intuition that inner and outer purity reinforce one another.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Cosmography; descriptive elaboration of the created world (supporting 'Sarga/Pratisarga').

What is the esoteric significance?

Cool, abundant waters symbolize the flow of sattva and calm prāṇa; conch and gold imagery signify luminosity (ojas/tejas) arising from purity.