Shloka 19

Adhyaya 37 — Alarka’s Crisis and the Teaching on Non-Attachment (Madālasa’s Instruction Recalled)

Sanskrit

इत्थं सम्पीड्यमानस्तु क्षीणकोषो दिने दिने ।

विषादमागात्परमं व्याकुलत्वञ्च चेतसः ॥

Transliteration

itthaṁ sampīḍyamānas tu kṣīṇa-koṣo dine dine | viṣādam āgāt paramaṁ vyākulatvaṁ ca cetasaḥ ||

Translation

Assim, esmagado desse modo e com o tesouro diminuindo dia após dia, caiu em profundo desalento e em grande perturbação da mente.

Word by Word

• इत्थम्: thus/in this manner
• इत्थम्: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ittham (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• सम्पीड्यमानः: being oppressed
• सम्पीड्यमानः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam + √pīḍ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (वर्तमानकालिक कर्मणि-प्रत्यय/शानच्—present passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; धातु: पीड् with उपसर्ग सम्-

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle), contrast/emphasis

• क्षीणकोषः: with depleted treasury
• क्षीणकोषः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṣīṇa + koṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास: क्षीणः कोषः यस्य (whose treasury is depleted)

• दिने: in a day
• दिने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dina (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• दिने: day by day
• दिने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dina (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति (day by day)

• विषादम्: despondency
• विषादम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṣāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• आगात्: went to/entered (fell into)
• आगात्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + √gam (धातु)
• Form: लुङ् (aorist), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; धातु: गम् with उपसर्ग आ-

• परमम्: extreme
• परमम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण of विषादम्

• व्याकुलत्वम्: agitation/anxiety
• व्याकुलत्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyākula + tva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; भाववाचक (abstract noun)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction)

• चेतसः: of (his) mind
• चेतसः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cetas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrator voice

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Suffering
• Psychology of defeat
• Impermanence of power

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

External loss (wealth, security) precipitates internal turmoil; the text realistically depicts viṣāda as a turning point that often precedes seeking guidance or dharma.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Vaṁśānucarita: character development within royal narrative, preparing for an instructive pivot.

What is the esoteric significance?

Viṣāda is also a threshold state: when ordinary supports fail, remembrance (smṛti) of a deeper teaching becomes possible.