Shloka 24
Ajñātavāsa-saṅkalpaḥ — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Resolve and Dhaumya’s Exempla on Concealment
नानात्मवन्तस्तु वने चरन्ति धर्म च वासं च परिश्रमं च । विज्ञानतो धर्ममुदाहरन्ति तस्मात् सन््तो धर्ममाहु: प्रधानम्,जिन्होंने अपने मन और इन्द्रियोंको वशमें नहीं किया है, वे वनमें रहकर धर्मपालन, गुरुकुलवास तथा कष्टसहनरूप तपस्या नहीं कर सकते हैं। जितेन्द्रिय पुरुष ही यह सब कुछ करनेमें समर्थ हैं। महात्मालोग विवेक-विचारसे ही धर्म-प्राप्ति बताते हैं, अतः सभी सत्पुरुष धर्मको ही श्रेष्ठ मानते हैं
nānātmavantastu vane caranti dharmaṃ ca vāsaṃ ca pariśramaṃ ca | vijñānato dharmamudāharanti tasmāt santo dharmamāhuḥ pradhānam ||
Yama disse: “Aqueles cujo eu interior está disperso—que não dominaram mente e sentidos—não conseguem sustentar de fato a vida na floresta: nem a conduta justa, nem a morada disciplinada (como na casa do mestre), nem a austeridade de suportar a fadiga. Só os que têm autocontrole são capazes disso. Os sábios, por discernimento, declaram o que é o dharma; por isso os bons e nobres têm o dharma como princípio supremo.”
यम उवाच
Educational Q&A
Dharma is not sustained by mere external renunciation (like living in a forest) but by inner mastery. Only those who have disciplined mind and senses can endure austerity and live righteously; hence the wise, using discernment, uphold dharma as the supreme value.
Yama is instructing the listener about the prerequisites for authentic ascetic and righteous living. He contrasts outward forest-life with inward self-control and concludes that the virtuous, guided by discriminative wisdom, place dharma above all.