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Shloka 10

राजवृत्त-रक्षा-प्रणिधि-षाड्गुण्योपदेशः

Royal Conduct, Protection, Intelligence, and Policy Measures

यथा हानुदये राजन्‌ भूतानि शशिसूर्ययो: । अन्धे तमसि मज्जेयुरपश्यन्त: परस्परम्‌

yathā hānudaye rājan bhūtāni śaśisūryayoḥ | andhe tamasi majjeyur apaśyantaḥ parasparam ||

Vasumanā disse: “Ó rei, assim como, quando a lua e o sol não se erguem, os seres vivos afundam numa escuridão ofuscante e não conseguem ver uns aos outros, do mesmo modo, sem um governante, o povo cai na confusão. Privados de orientação e contenção, chocam-se e se ferem mutuamente, e em pouco tempo são impelidos à ruína. Por isso, a realeza é apresentada como suporte necessário da ordem social: impede que os fortes predem os fracos e evita que a comunidade se dissolva em sofrimento e desordem.”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
अनुदयेin the non-rising/absence of rising
अनुदये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअनुदय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भूतानिcreatures, beings
भूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
शशि-सूर्ययोःof the moon and the sun
शशि-सूर्ययोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशशि + सूर्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
अन्धेin blind/dense
अन्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तमसिin darkness
तमसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
मज्जेयुःwould sink, would be immersed
मज्जेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootमज्ज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अपश्यन्तःnot seeing
अपश्यन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
परस्परम्each other
परस्परम्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर

वसुमना उवाच

V
Vasumanā
K
King (rājan)
M
Moon (śaśi)
S
Sun (sūrya)
D
Darkness (tamas)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that governance is a moral necessity for society: without the regulating presence of a king, people lose clarity and restraint, leading to mutual harm and rapid social collapse—like creatures lost in darkness without the sun and moon.

Vasumanā addresses a king and uses a cosmic simile—no sunrise or moonrise causing total darkness—to illustrate the condition of a realm without a ruler, preparing the ground for a broader discussion of rājadharma (the duties and necessity of kingship).