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Shloka 3

कालनिर्देशः शोकनिवारणं च

Instruction on Kāla and the Removal of Grief

सूर्येणा भ्युदितो यश्चव ब्रह्मचारी भवत्युत । तथा सूर्याभिनिर्मुक्त: कुनखी श्यावदन्नपि

sūryeṇābhyudito yaś caiva brahmacārī bhavaty uta | tathā sūryābhinirmuktaḥ kunakhī śyāvadann api ||

Vyāsa disse: “Um brahmacārin que permanece dormindo mesmo depois de o sol ter nascido, e igualmente aquele que ainda está no leito ao pôr do sol; e também aquele cujas unhas são deformadas e cujos dentes estão enegrecidos—tais pessoas devem empreender observâncias expiatórias. O ensinamento ressalta que a disciplina do estudante se mede pela vigilância desperta, pela limpeza do corpo e pela conduta regrada, e que tais lapsos devem ser corrigidos por penitência prescrita, não ignorados.”

सूर्येणby/with the sun (at sunrise)
सूर्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अभ्युदितःrisen (i.e., after sunrise)
अभ्युदितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभ्युदित (√उद् + अभि)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्रह्मचारीa celibate student (brahmacārin)
ब्रह्मचारी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचारिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिbecomes/is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
उतalso/indeed
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
तथाlikewise/so too
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
सूर्याभिनिर्मुक्तःreleased after the sun (i.e., after sunset)
सूर्याभिनिर्मुक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसूर्याभिनिर्मुक्त (सूर्य + अभिनिर्मुक्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुनखीhaving bad/blackened nails
कुनखी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकुनखिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्यावदन्तःone whose teeth are dark/blackened
श्यावदन्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्यावदन्त (श्याव + दन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
S
Sūrya (the Sun)
B
Brahmacārī (brahmacarya student)

Educational Q&A

A brahmacārin must maintain disciplined daily routine and bodily purity; oversleeping past sunrise, laxity around sunset, and signs of neglect (deformed nails, blackened teeth) are treated as faults to be corrected through prescribed prāyaścitta (expiation).

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Vyāsa enumerates specific lapses and physical markers of negligence for which expiatory observances are recommended, emphasizing reform and restoration of discipline.