Shanti Parva Adhyaya 34 Shloka 4 - Mahabharata | Portuguese | Vedapath

Vyasa

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Shloka 4

कालनिर्देशः शोकनिवारणं च

Instruction on Kāla and the Removal of Grief

Devanagari script

परिवित्ति: परिवेत्ता ब्रह्मघ्नो यश्व॒ कुत्सक: । दिधिषूपपतिर्य: स्यादग्रेदिधिषुरेव च

Transliteration

vyāsa uvāca | parivittiḥ parivettā brahmaghno yaś ca kutsakaḥ | didhiṣūpapatir yaḥ syād agre didhiṣur eva ca, kuntīnandana |

Translation

Vyāsa disse: “Ó filho de Kuntī, são pecadores: o irmão mais velho que fica ‘preterido’ e permanece sem casamento (parivitti), o irmão mais novo que se casa enquanto o mais velho ainda não se casou (parivettā), o matador de um brāhmaṇa e o difamador que, por hábito, censura os outros. Do mesmo modo são repreensíveis: o homem que toma por esposa a irmã mais nova enquanto a mais velha permanece solteira, e aquele que busca casar-se primeiro com a mais nova, em detrimento da mais velha. Tais faltas são transgressões da ordem social e moral e exigem expiação (prāyaścitta).”

Word by Word

परिवित्तिःthe elder brother of a ‘parivettā’ (one whose younger brother married first)

परिवेत्ताthe younger brother who marries before the elder

ब्रह्मघ्नःslayer of a brāhmaṇa

यःwho

चand

कुत्सकःreviler; one who censures others

दिधिषूपपतिःhusband of a dīdhiṣū (a woman who remarries / is taken as wife in a prohibited order)

यःwho

स्यात्would be / may be

अग्रेbefore; earlier

दिधिषुःa ‘dīdhiṣu’ (person involved in prohibited remarriage order; esp. one who marries the elder after the younger)

एवindeed; just

चand

कुन्तीनन्दनO son of Kuntī

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

व

व्यास (Vyāsa)

क

कुन्तीनन्दन / युधिष्ठिर (Kuntīnandana / Yudhiṣṭhira)

ब

ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse classifies certain actions as grave ethical and social transgressions—especially violations of marital precedence within siblings and acts like brahma-hatyā and habitual slander—implying that such breaches of dharma disturb social order and require expiation.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa addresses Yudhiṣṭhira and enumerates categories of wrongdoing, beginning here with ‘parivitti/parivettā’ and related marriage-precedence violations, alongside major sins like killing a brāhmaṇa and slander.