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Shloka 11

Adhyāya 189: Japa—Inquiry into the Jāpaka, Method

Vidhi), and Fruit (Phala

कामभोगप्रियास्ती क्ष्णा: क्रोधना: प्रियसाहसा: । त्यक्तस्वधर्मा रक्ताड़ास्ते द्विजा: क्षत्रतां गता:

bharadvāja uvāca | kāmabhogapriyās tīkṣṇāḥ krodhanāḥ priyasāhasāḥ | tyaktasvadharmā raktāṅgās te dvijāḥ kṣatratāṃ gatāḥ ||

Disse Bharadvāja: Aqueles duas-vezes-nascidos que abandonaram o seu próprio dever bramânico tornaram-se amantes dos prazeres sensoriais, de temperamento cortante, irascíveis e enamorados da ousadia. Por essa mudança—assinalada até pelo avermelhar de seus corpos—chegaram ao estado e à disposição dos kṣatriyas, e assim passaram a ser conhecidos como kṣatriyas.

कामभोगप्रियाःfond of sensual pleasures
कामभोगप्रियाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकामभोगप्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तीक्ष्णाःsharp/harsh in nature
तीक्ष्णाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्रोधनाःwrathful
क्रोधनाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रोधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रियसाहसाःfond of daring/violence
प्रियसाहसाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रियसाहस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्यक्तस्वधर्माःhaving abandoned their own duty
त्यक्तस्वधर्माः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्यक्तस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रक्ताङ्गाःwhose bodies/limbs were red
रक्ताङ्गाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्ताङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthose
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्विजाःtwice-born (brahmins)
द्विजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्षत्रताम्kshatriya-hood/status of a kshatriya
क्षत्रताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गताःhaving gone/attained
गताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bharadvāja
D
dvijāḥ (twice-born/Brahmins)
K
kṣatriya (as a varṇa/state)

Educational Q&A

Varṇa is presented as tied to conduct: when the twice-born abandon svadharma and become driven by sensuality, anger, and violent daring, they are said to take on the kṣatriya disposition. The ethical point is that character and habitual action reshape one’s social-religious identity.

Bharadvāja explains a traditional account of how certain brāhmaṇas, by giving up Brahminical discipline and adopting traits associated with warrior life, came to be regarded as kṣatriyas.