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Shloka 8

बक-गौतमाख्यानम् / The Baka–Gautama Account

On Gratitude and Friendship Ethics

ततस्तस्योत्तरं वाक्‍्यं स्वरवर्णोपपादितम्‌ । शिक्षया चोपपन्नाय द्रोणशिष्याय भारत

tatas tasyottaraṃ vākyaṃ svaravarṇopapāditam | śikṣayā copapannāya droṇaśiṣyāya bhārata vaiśampāyana uvāca—bharatanandana janamejaya buddhimān mādrīputro nakulasya sā vāk kauśalayuktā to thā hī sūkṣmā tathā vicitrārthena ca sampannā | tāṃ śrutvā bāṇaśayyāyāṃ śayānaḥ dhanurvedapāragaḥ vidvān dharmajño bhīṣmaḥ śikṣāprāptaṃ mahāmanasvinaṃ droṇaśiṣyaṃ nakulaṃ sundara-svara-varṇayuktayā vāṇyā evam uttaraṃ prārabhata |

Vaiśampāyana disse: Então, em resposta a ele, foram proferidas palavras com tons e sílabas bem formados. Ó Bhārata, esta foi a réplica dirigida ao discípulo de Droṇa, treinado em śikṣā, a correta recitação e articulação. Ó alegria dos Bharatas, Janamejaya: o sábio Nakula, filho de Mādrī, falara com perícia; e sua declaração era também sutil e rica em sentidos variados. Ao ouvi-la, Bhīṣma—deitado em seu leito de flechas, mestre da ciência do arco e conhecedor do dharma—começou a responder a Nakula, discípulo de Droṇa de grande espírito, com uma fala adornada por agradável entoação e fonemas nítidos.

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तस्यof him/for him
तस्य:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
उत्तरम्answering, in reply
उत्तरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर
Formneuter, accusative, singular
वाक्यम्speech, statement
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
स्वर-वर्ण-उपपादितम्well-formed with proper accents and phonemes
स्वर-वर्ण-उपपादितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउपपादित
Formneuter, accusative, singular
शिक्षयाby (the science of) phonetics/recitation
शिक्षया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशिक्षा
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपपन्नायto/for one endowed with, accomplished in
उपपन्नाय:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootउपपन्न
Formmasculine, dative, singular
द्रोण-शिष्यायto the disciple of Droṇa
द्रोण-शिष्याय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य
Formmasculine, dative, singular
भारतO Bhārata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
N
Nakula
M
Mādrī
B
Bhīṣma
D
Droṇa
B
Bāṇaśayyā (bed of arrows)
D
Dhanurveda
Ś
Śikṣā

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical value of disciplined speech and learning: a statement that is skillful, subtle, and meaning-rich—delivered with proper phonetic training (śikṣā), clear sounds (varṇa), and correct intonation (svara)—is worthy of serious dharmic response. It frames dharma-instruction as requiring both inner wisdom and outer clarity of expression.

Nakula, described as wise and trained under Droṇa, has spoken a nuanced and well-articulated statement. Bhīṣma, lying on the bed of arrows and renowned as both a master of archery and a knower of dharma, hears Nakula’s words and begins his reply. Vaiśampāyana narrates this to King Janamejaya.