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Shloka 32

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

तस्मात्‌ संघातमेवाहुर्गणानां शरणं महत्‌

tasmāt saṅghātam evāhur gaṇānāṃ śaraṇaṃ mahat | jāti-kula-samānatve 'pi na sarveṣām udyogo buddhir rūpa-sampattiś ca samā bhavati | śatravaḥ gaṇa-rājyeṣu bheda-buddhiṃ janayitvā kecid dhana-dānenāpi sarva-saṅghe bhedaṃ kurvanti | tasmāt saṅgha-baddhatā eva gaṇa-nāgarikāṇāṃ mahāśrayaḥ ||

Bhīṣma disse: “Por isso, a própria união coletiva é declarada o grande refúgio dos clãs. Embora as pessoas possam ser iguais por nascimento e linhagem, não é possível que todas o sejam em esforço, inteligência, ou na riqueza da beleza e da prosperidade. Os inimigos criam pensamentos divisivos entre os cidadãos de uma gaṇa, e, subornando alguns poucos, podem partir toda a confederação. Assim, permanecer firmemente unido é o mais alto amparo para os cidadãos de uma gaṇa.”

तस्मात्therefore; from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, ablative, singular
संघातम्union; confederation; compact body
संघातम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंघात
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
एवindeed; only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
आहुःthey say; they have said
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
Formperfect (paroksha), 3rd, plural, parasmaipada
गणानाम्of the clans/assemblies (republican groups)
गणानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootगण
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
शरणम्refuge; shelter
शरणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशरण
Formneuter, nominative, singular
महत्great
महत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
Formneuter, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
G
gaṇa (republican/clan polity)
Ś
śatru (enemies)

Educational Q&A

The chief protection of a republic or clan-polity is solidarity: even if citizens share birth and lineage, natural differences in ability and resources make them vulnerable to factionalism, which enemies exploit through sowing division and bribing a few; therefore unity is the highest safeguard.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma advises Yudhiṣṭhira on governance and public stability, warning that hostile forces commonly fracture republics by creating internal factions and buying influence, and he urges maintaining a tightly bound confederation.