Shloka 51

Devanagari script

ते वर्धयित्वा नृपतिं धर्मात्मानं युधिष्ठिरम्‌ । जितकाशिनो लब्धलक्ष्या युद्धशौण्डा: प्रहारिण:

Transliteration

te vardhayitvā nṛpatiṁ dharmātmānaṁ yudhiṣṭhiram | jitakāśino labdhalakṣyā yuddhaśauṇḍāḥ prahāriṇaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya disse: Tendo felicitado o rei justo Yudhiṣṭhira, aqueles guerreiros valentes—exultantes na vitória, com o objetivo alcançado, hábeis na guerra e poderosos no golpe—louvaram Kṛṣṇa e Arjuna, atormentadores dos inimigos, com palavras de elogio e, cheios de alegria, retornaram ao seu acampamento.

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वर्धयित्वा: having praised/encouraged
• Type: Verb
• Root: वर्ध्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• नृपतिम्: the king
• नृपतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृपति
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• धर्मात्मानम्: righteous-souled
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• युधिष्ठिरम्: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• जितकाशिनः: having conquered Kāśi / conquerors of Kāśi
• जितकाशिनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जितकाशिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• लब्धलक्ष्याः: having attained their aim
• लब्धलक्ष्याः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लब्धलक्ष्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• युद्धशौण्डाः: battle-fierce / battle-expert
• युद्धशौण्डाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युद्धशौण्ड
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रहारिणः: strikers, assailants
• प्रहारिणः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रहारिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Kṛṣṇa
• Arjuna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid warfare, the passage foregrounds dharma and proper conduct: honoring a righteous leader (Yudhiṣṭhira) and acknowledging the decisive, dharma-aligned agency of Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna. Victory is framed not merely as conquest but as the fulfillment of a rightful aim, accompanied by respectful praise and orderly return.

What is happening in the narrative?

After a successful engagement, the warriors rejoice as victors. They congratulate King Yudhiṣṭhira, praise Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna for afflicting the enemy, and then happily go back to their camp.