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Shloka 16

Adhyāya 41 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Gurv-anumati and Strategic Counsel (युधिष्ठिरस्य गुर्वनुमतिः)

सम्बन्ध-- सत्त्त., रज और तम--इन तीनों गुणोंकी वृद्धियें मरनेके भित्न- भिन्न फल बतलाये गये: इससे यह जाननेकी इच्छा होती है कि इस प्रकार कभी किसी गुणकी और कभी किसी गुणकी वृद्धि क्‍यों होती है; इसपर कहते हैं-- कर्मण:” सुकृतस्याहुः साच्विकं निर्मल फलम्‌ । रजसस्तु फल॑ दुःखमज्ञानं तमस: फलम्‌,श्रेष्ठ कर्मका तो सात्विक अर्थात्‌ सुख, ज्ञान और वैराग्यादि निर्मल फल कहा है।* राजस कर्मका फल दुःख* एवं तामस कर्मका फल अज्ञान* कहा है

karmaṇaḥ sukṛtasyāhuḥ sāttvikaṁ nirmalaṁ phalam | rajasas tu phalaṁ duḥkham ajñānaṁ tamasaḥ phalam ||

Arjuna disse: “Declaram que o fruto da ação bem executada é sāttvika—puro e esclarecedor. O fruto de rajas é sofrimento, e o fruto de tamas é ignorância.” Em termos éticos, o verso liga a qualidade da ação e da intenção ao tipo de consequência que ela produz.

कर्मणःof action (of karma)
कर्मणः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
सुकृतस्यof good deed / meritorious act
सुकृतस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुकृत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
आहुःthey say / have said
आहुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सात्त्विकम्sattvic
सात्त्विकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसात्त्विक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निर्मलम्pure, stainless
निर्मलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
फलम्fruit, result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रजसःof rajas (passion)
रजसः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
फलम्fruit, result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दुःखम्sorrow, suffering
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अज्ञानम्ignorance
अज्ञानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तमसःof tamas (darkness, inertia)
तमसः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
फलम्fruit, result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna

Educational Q&A

Actions yield results consistent with the dominant guṇa behind them: sattva produces a pure, clarifying outcome; rajas produces distress through craving and agitation; tamas produces ignorance through dullness and delusion.

Arjuna is speaking and articulating a doctrinal point about the three guṇas, framing how different kinds of action (and the mental quality driving them) lead to different consequences.