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Verse 14

Sarvasara

त्वंपदार्थादौपाधिकात्तत्पदार्थादौपाधिकभेदाद्विलक्षणमाकाशवत्सूक्ष्मं केवलसत्तामात्रस्वभावं परं ब्रह्मेत्युच्यते॥१४॥ माया नाम अनादिरन्तवती प्रमाणाप्रमाणसाधारणा न सती नासती न सदसती स्वयमधिका विकाररहिता निरूप्यमाणा सतीतरलक्षणशून्या सा मायेत्युच्यते। अज्ञानं तुच्छाप्यसती कालत्रयेऽपि पामराणां वास्तवी च सत्त्वबुद्धिर्लौकिकानामिदमित्थमित्यनिर्वचनीया वक्तुं न शक्या॥१४-१५॥

त्वम्-पदार्थात् । औपाधिकात् । तत्-पदार्थात् । औपाधिक-भेदात् । विलक्षणम् । आकाश-वत् । सूक्ष्मम् । केवल-सत्ता-मात्र-स्वभावम् । परम् । ब्रह्म । इति । उच्यते ॥१४॥ माया । नाम । अनादिः । अन्त-वती । प्रमाण-अप्रमाण-साधारणा । न । सती । न । असती । न । सत्-असती । स्वयम्-अधिका । विकार-रहिता । निरूप्यमाणा । सती-इतर-लक्षण-शून्या । सा । माया । इति । उच्यते । अज्ञानम् । तुच्छम् । अपि । असती । काल-त्रये । अपि । पामराणाम् । वास्तवी । च । सत्त्व-बुद्धिः । लौकिकानाम् । इदम्-इत्थम्-इति । अनिर्वचनीया । वक्तुम् । न । शक्या ॥१४-१५॥

tvaṃpadārthād aupādhikāt tatpadārthād aupādhika-bhedād vilakṣaṇam ākāśavat sūkṣmaṃ kevala-sattā-mātra-svabhāvaṃ paraṃ brahmety ucyate ||14|| māyā nāma anādir antavatī pramāṇāpramāṇa-sādhāraṇā na satī nāsatī na sadasatī svayam adhikā vikāra-rahitā nirūpyamāṇā satītara-lakṣaṇa-śūnyā sā māyety ucyate | ajñānaṃ tucchāpy asatī kālatraye 'pi pāmarāṇāṃ vāstavī ca sattva-buddhir laukikānām idam-ittham ity anirvacanīyā vaktuṃ na śakyā ||14-15||

‘ਤ੍ਵੰ’ ਅਤੇ ‘ਤਤ੍’—ਦੋਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਉਪਾਧੀ-ਜਨਿਤ (ਸ਼ਰਤਿਤ) ਅਰਥਾਂ ਤੋਂ, ਉਪਾਧੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਭੇਦ ਕਾਰਨ ਜੋ ਸਰਥਾ ਵਿਲੱਖਣ ਹੈ—ਆਕਾਸ਼ ਵਾਂਗ ਸੁਖਮ, ਕੇਵਲ ਸੱਤਾ-ਮਾਤ੍ਰ ਸੁਭਾਵ ਵਾਲਾ—ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਪਰੰ ਬ੍ਰਹਮ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ॥੧੪॥ ‘ਮਾਇਆ’ ਅਨਾਦਿ ਹੈ ਪਰ ਅੰਤਵਤੀ ਹੈ; ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣ ਅਤੇ ਅਪ੍ਰਮਾਣ—ਦੋਹਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਸਾਂਝੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਹੈ; ਨਾ ਸਤੀ, ਨਾ ਅਸਤੀ, ਨਾ ਸਦਸਤੀ; ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਤੇ ਆਧਾਰਿਤ, ਵਿਕਾਰ-ਰਹਿਤ; ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰਨ ਤੇ ‘ਸਤ੍’ ਤੋਂ ਭਿੰਨ ਹੋਣ ਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਹੋਰ ਕੋਈ ਨਿਰਧਾਰਯ ਲੱਛਣ ਨਹੀਂ—ਇਹੀ ਮਾਇਆ ਹੈ। ਅਜ੍ਞਾਨ ਤੱਛ ਅਤੇ ਅਸੱਤ ਹੋਣ ਬਾਵਜੂਦ, ਤਿੰਨਾਂ ਕਾਲਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੀ ਅਜਾਣ ਲੋਕ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਵਾਸਤਵਿਕ ਸੱਤਾ ਸਮਝਦੇ ਹਨ; ਲੋਕਿਕਾਂ ਲਈ ‘ਇਹ ਇਉਂ ਹੀ ਹੈ’ ਕਹਿ ਕੇ ਨਿਰਣੇ ਕਰਨਾ ਅਨਿਰਵਚਨੀਯ ਹੈ—ਨਿਸ਼ਚਿਤ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ॥੧੪-੧੫॥

That which is distinct from the conditioned meaning of ‘tvam’ and from the conditioned meaning of ‘tat’ due to the difference of their limiting adjuncts—subtle like space, of the nature of mere existence alone—is called the supreme Brahman. ‘Māyā’ is beginningless yet has an end; it is common to (i.e., implicated in) both valid knowledge and invalid knowledge; it is neither real, nor unreal, nor both real-and-unreal; it is self-dependent (not requiring another māyā); free from modification; when examined it is devoid of any definable characteristic other than being “other than the real”; that is called māyā. Ignorance (ajñāna), though insubstantial and unreal, is, even in the three times, taken by the ignorant as truly existent; for worldly people it is indescribable as ‘this is thus’—it cannot be stated (definitively).

Nirupādhika Brahman; lakṣaṇā in mahāvākya interpretation; Māyā/Ajñāna as anirvacanīya (indefinable) and beginningless but removableMahavakya: Directly serves ‘tat tvam asi’: distinguishes conditioned tvam/tat (upādhis) and points to their common, unconditioned essence (Brahman) via bhāga-tyāga-lakṣaṇā; also aligns with ‘aham brahmāsmi’ by identifying pure Being as one’s essence beyond adjunctsAtharvaChandas: Prose