Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 39
Devanagari script
साम दानं च भेदश्च चतुर्थो दंड एव च । नीतौ क्रमात्प्रयोज्याश्च देशकालविशेषतः
Transliteration
sāma dānaṃ ca bhedaśca caturtho daṃḍa eva ca | nītau kramātprayojyāśca deśakālaviśeṣataḥ
Translation
ਸਾਮ, ਦਾਨ, ਭੇਦ ਅਤੇ ਚੌਥਾ ਦੰਡ—ਇਹ ਚਾਰੇ ਉਪਾਯ ਨੀਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਕ੍ਰਮ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਵਰਤਣੇ ਚਾਹੀਦੇ ਹਨ, ਦੇਸ਼ ਅਤੇ ਕਾਲ ਦੇ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ।
Word by Word
सामconciliation
साम:
Karta (Enumerated item/उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootसाम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दानम्gift, bribery
दानम्:
Karta (Enumerated item/उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootदान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)
भेदःdivision, dissension
भेदः:
Karta (Enumerated item/उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootभेद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)
चतुर्थःthe fourth
चतुर्थः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; दण्डः इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्
दण्डःpunishment, force
दण्डः:
Karta (Enumerated item/उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
एवindeed, just
एव:
Nipata (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (emphatic particle)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)
नीतौin policy/statecraft
नीतौ:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootनीति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), एकवचन
क्रमात्in order, sequentially
क्रमात्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययभावे तृतीया/पञ्चमी-रूपेण प्रयुक्तम्; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb) ‘क्रमेण’ अर्थे
प्रयोज्याःare to be applied
प्रयोज्याः:
Kriya (Obligation/विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-युज् (धातु) + य (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formविधेय-विशेषणरूप कृदन्त (gerundive/भाव्य); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; (साम-दान-भेद-दण्डाः) इति बहुवचनस्य विधेयम्
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक
देशकालविशेषतःaccording to place and time distinctions
देशकालविशेषतः:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदेश (प्रातिपदिक) + काल (प्रातिपदिक) + विशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb) ‘विशेषतः’; समासः—देशकालयोः विशेषः; क्रियाविशेषण
Speaker
Bṛhaspati
Skanda Dialogue
Listener: Suraśreṣṭha (deva leadership)
Visual Art Cues
Scene: A didactic tableau showing four symbolic panels: sāma (open-handed dialogue), dāna (offering gifts), bheda (separating conspirators), daṇḍa (restrained force), with Bṛhaspati indicating ‘sequence’ and ‘time-place’ considerations.
Characters & Entities
B
BṛhaspatiFAQs
Right action is contextual: dharma-informed strategy proceeds gradually, choosing the least harmful measure suited to circumstances.
None; this is a doctrinal teaching on nīti.
None.