Valmiki Ramayana 6.4.35 — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 35

समुद्रतट-प्रयाणम् तथा वेलावन-निवेशः

March to the Seacoast and Encampment at the Shore

Devanagari script

तेषां सेनापतिर्वीरो नीलो वानरपुङ्गवः ।सम्पतन्पततां श्रेष्ठस्तद्बलं पर्यपालयात् ।।।।

Transliteration

teṣāṃ senāpatir vīro nīlo vānarapuṅgavaḥ |

sampatan patatāṃ śreṣṭhas tadbalaṃ paryapālayāt ||

Translation

ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਵੀਰ ਸੈਨਾਪਤੀ ਨੀਲ—ਛਾਲ ਮਾਰ ਕੇ ਉਤਰਣ ਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ੍ਰੇਸ਼ਠ ਵਾਨਰਪੁੰਗਵ—ਸੈਨਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਫਿਰਦਾ ਰਹਿ ਕੇ ਉਸ ਬਲ ਦੀ ਸੁਚੱਜੀ ਦੇਖਭਾਲ ਕਰਦਾ ਸੀ।

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन (Plural), सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• सेनापतिः: commander of the army
• सेनापतिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेनापति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); समास: सेना + पति (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• वीरः: heroic
• वीरः: कर्ता (Karta—qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective) सेनापतिः/नीलः इत्यस्य

• नीलः: Nila
• नीलः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject—apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नील (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; व्यक्तिनाम (proper noun)

• वानरपुङ्गवः: chief among monkeys
• वानरपुङ्गवः: कर्ता (Karta—apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर + पुङ्गव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समास: वानराणां पुङ्गवः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• सम्पतन्: leaping/flying forth
• सम्पतन्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + पत् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषण-भावे (concomitant action)

• पतताम्: of the flying ones
• पतताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ) का षष्ठी-बहुवचन (Genitive plural) प्रयोग; ‘पतताम्’ = of those who are flying

• श्रेष्ठः: the foremost
• श्रेष्ठः: कर्ता (Karta—qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (नीलः/सेनापतिः)

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म (Karma/Object—determiner)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (बलम्)

• बलम्: army/force
• बलम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• पर्यपालयात्: guarded/protected (by moving around)
• पर्यपालयात्: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + पाल् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

Nila, the heroic chief of the army who was foremost in the act of flying and descending was going around and controlling.

Characters & Entities

• Nīla
• Vanara army

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in command is accountable stewardship: a leader actively supervises the force so strength is used rightly and disorder does not undermine a just cause.

What is the narrative situation?

The narrative identifies Nīla as commander and describes his active oversight as the host advances in organized formation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Competent leadership—discipline, vigilance, and energetic coordination.